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. 2016 May 23;3:41. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00041

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Copyright © 2016 Stenfeldt, Diaz-San Segundo, de los Santos, Rodriguez and Arzt.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Development of microvesicles within oropharyngeal tonsil epithelium during early infection. (A) Earliest detection of infection occurs within paraepiglottic tonsil at 24 h post intraoropharyngeal inoculation. FMDV antigen (red) in clusters of infected cytokeratin-positive (green) epithelial cells in superficial layers of crypt epithelium. (B) At 48 h post intraoropharyngeal inoculation, a single microvesicle is present within the tonsil of the soft palate. Focus of FMDV-infected (red) epithelial cells expanding through deeper layers of epithelium (green). (C) At 78 h post intraoropharyngeal inoculation, three distinct microvesicles are present within crypt epithelium of the tonsil of the soft palate. Sloughed FMDV VP1/cytokeratin double positive cells are present in vesicle lumen. 10× magnification.