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. 2016 May 23;6:26430. doi: 10.1038/srep26430

Figure 1. BB-Cl-amidine ameliorates severity of CIA.

Figure 1

The severity of disease was evaluated daily by (a) clinical score and (b) paw swelling of the first hind paw to develop arthritis. Pooled data of the mean and SEM from two independent CIA experiments are shown (n = 12–13 animals per group). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ****P < 0.0001. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (c) Mean histological scores (n = 4–5 per group). Error bars represent ± SEM (*P < 0.05). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test relative to vehicle-treated mice. (d) Representative images of the metatarsal-phalangeal joint of a vehicle or BB-Cl-amidine 10 mg/kg/day treated mouse are shown. In the vehicle-treated mice, there was a marked inflammatory infiltrate, bone erosion (arrows), destruction of articular cartilage (*), and proliferation of synovial membrane (sm). In the 10 mg/kg BB-Cl-amidine treated mice the cartilage (*) and joint space (js) were preserved, but there were still minor proliferative changes in the synovial membrane (sm).