Figure 3. Pump field α generates photon pairs in the signal (
) and idler (
) fields via parametric down-conversion (PDC).

Photon pairs are mixed on a beam splitter (BS) with transmissivity T. Field in one output port of this beam splitter is combined with the vacuum |0〉 at another balanced beam splitter. LNIs
and EIs Ient(jk) characterized the three output fields.