Table 1.

Articles by types of design, utility and perspective of decision-makers.^a

Types of design	Simple utility				More realistic utility
	Patient	Regulatory/ societal	Commercial	Not specified	Patient	Regulatory/societal	Commercial	Not specified
Single-stage
Single-arm	–	–	–	Lindley14 Staquet and Sylvester38 Sylvester39 Sylvester and Staquet40	–	–	–	Brunier and Whitehead19
Two-arm	–	–	Chen and Beckman20	–	Gittins and Pezeshk56,57 Pezeshk and Gittins73	Claxton and Posnett52 Claxton and Thompson53 Eckermann and Willan54 Gittins and Pezeshk56,57 Halpern et al.58 Hornberger and Eghtesady60 Kikuchi and Gittins63,64 Pezeshk and Gittins73 Pezeshk et al.74 Willan and Eckermann80 Willan and Pinto83	Chen et al.21 Claxton and Thompson53 Gittins and Pezeshk55–57 Kikuchi et al.65 Maroufy et al.68 Patel and Ankolekar71 Pezeshk and Gittins73 Pezeshk et al.75 Willan79 Willan and Eckermann80,81	–
Multi-stage
Single-arm	–	–	–	Banerjee and Tsiatis18 Jung et al.25 Cheng et al.50 Zhao et al.43 Zhao and Woodworth44	–	–	Chen and Smith22 Ding et al.23 Rossell et al.30 Stallard31,32 Stallard et al.37	Zhao et al.43
Two-arm	Heitjan et al.59	–	–	Cheng and Berry47 Cheng and Shen48, 49 Cheng et al.50 Chernoff and Petkau51 Jennison and Turnbull61 Jiang et al.62 Lewis and Berry66 Lewis et al.67 Nixon et al.27 Wang76 Wathen and Christen77 Wathen and Thall78	–	Willan and Kowgier82	Berry and Ho45 Chen and Willan46 Mehta and Patel69	Orawo and Christen70
Multi-arm	–	–	Chen and Beckman20 Lai et al.26	Palmer29 Stallard et al.35 Thall et al.41	–	–	Patel and Ankolekar71 Patel et al.72	–
Enrichment	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	Trippa et al.42
Series of trials	–	Stallard34	Chen and Beckman20 Stallard34	–	–	–	Hee and Stallard24 Pallay28 Stallard33 Stallard and Thall36	–

^aThe total number of articles in the cells exceed 67 as some described more than one design or perspective.