Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree and enzymatic activities of pectinases from four phasmatodean species.

The outgroup is a bacteria, Erwinia carotovora. A “+” in the Sf9 row means the gene was successfully amplified, transformed, and expressed into Sf9 cells, enabling later substrate tests. For the other rows, “+” means positive enzymatic activity and “−” means no activity detected when the expressed enzyme was tested on the given substrate. CP = citrus pectin, DGA = digalacturonic acid, PGA = polygalacturonic acid, TGA = trigalacturonic acid, XyG = xylogalacturonan.