Figure 6.

Representative hybrid LTNs. (A) The schematic illustration and TEM image of a Au-Cu₉S₅ core-shell LTN. This core-shelled LTN showed an improved photothermal conversion efficiency compared with the mixture of Au nanoparticles and Cu₉S₅ nanoparticles at the same concentrations. Adapted with permission from ¹⁸⁴ (B) Schematic illustration of Au nanorod plasmonic vesicles loaded with rGO and Dox (rGO-AuNRVe-DOX). rGO-AuNRVe-DOX showed improved photothermal conversion efficiency, and the release of Dox from the vesicles could be accelerated by lowering the pH, with laser irradiation, or a combination of the two. Adapted with permission from ¹³⁸. (C) Schematic illustration of IR825-loaded and Gd³⁺-Ce6-conjugated micelles with two therapeutic modalities (PDT and PTT). Treating the tumor sequentially with PTT and PDT was the most effective method for inducing the apoptosis of cancer cells, as evidenced by TUNEL staining. Adapted with permission from ¹⁸⁶.