. 2016 Apr 27;6(7):948–968. doi: 10.7150/thno.15217

Table 1.

Brief summary of the recently developed LTNs.

LTN	Photosensitizer	Laser (nm)	Tumor model	Imaging modality	Therapeutic modality	Refs.
Porphyrin-based LTN	Pyropheophorbide	680	Orthotopic head and neck tumor, subcutaneous KB tumor	FI, PA	PTT	[41, 42]
	BPD	690	Orthotopic and subcutaneous AsPC1 tumor	FI	PDT, Ch	[44]
	Purpurin18	730	Subcutaneous U87-MG tumor	PA	PTT	[45]
	Porphyrin	671	Orthotopic U87-MG and PC-3 tumor	FI, PET/CT	PDT	[51]
	Ce6	430, 660, 670, 671, 704, 808^a, 980^a	Subcutaneous HeLa, MDA-MB-435, HT-29, 4T1, HCT-116, CT26, U87-MG, or MGC803 tumor	FI, PA, MRI	PDT	[46-48, 56, 58, 60, 63, 65, 67, 68, 71]
	Protoporphyrin IX	633	Subcutaneous HT-29 tumor	FI	PDT	[47]
	5,10,15,20-tetro (4-pyridyl) porphyrin	635	Subcutaneous A549 tumor	FI	PDT, Ch	[50]
	Sinoporphyrin sodium	630	Subcutaneous U87-MG tumor	FI	PDT	[54]
	ZnPc	660, 980^a	Subcutaneous HeLa, or Bel-7402 tumor	FI	PDT	[55, 66]
	Hematoporphyrin	980^a	Subcutaneous 4T1 tumor	FI, MRI	PDT, Ch, Ra	[69]
Cyanine-based LTN	IR780	808	Subcutaneous MCF-7 or HCT-116 tumor	FI, PET/CT	PTT	[76, 88]
	ICG	785, 808	Subcutaneous HeLa, 4T1, A549, MCF-7 or MCF-7/ADR tumor	FI, PA, MRI	PDT, PTT, Ch	[77, 78, 80, 82, 85, 86, 89, 91]
	IR820	808	Subcutaneous 4T1 tumor	FI, PA	PTT	[81]
	CySCOOH	808	Subcutaneous 4T1 tumor	FI, PA	PTT	[83]
	Cypate	785	Subcutaneous 4T1 tumor	FI, PA, MRI	PTT	[84]
	DiR	808	Subcutaneous 4T1 tumor	FI, PA	PTT	[87]
	IR825, Rose Bengal	808, 980^a	Subcutaneous 4T1 tumor	FI, MRI	PDT, PTT	[90]
Other organic LTN	Polyaniline	808	Subcutaneous A431 tumor	NIR absorbance	PTT	[39]
	PPDS	808	Subcutaneous MDA-MB-231 tumor	NIR absorbance	PTT	[100]
	PPy	808	Subcutaneous 4T1 or U87-MG tumor	PA, MRI	PTT, Ch	[101-103]
	Gallic acid	808	Subcutaneous SW620 tumor	MRI	PTT	[104]
	Prussian blue	808	Subcutaneous HeLa tumor	PA, Ultrasoud	PTT, Ch	[105]
Au-based LTN	Au nanocages	808	Subcutaneous U87-MGwt EGFR tumor	-	PTT	[117]
	Au nanocapsule	808	Orthotopic U87-MG tumor	FI, PET/CT	PTT	[122]
	Au nanotubes	800	Subcutaneous SW620 and HCT116 tumor	PA	PTT	[123]
	Au quantum dots	672	Subcutaneous LS174T-luc tumor	FI, PA, MRI	PTT	[124]
	Au beltflower	808	Subcutaneous 4T1 tumor	PA	PTT, Ch	[125]
	Au nanoshells	808	Subcutaneous HeLa and MCF-7 tumor	MRI	PTT	[127]
	γFe₂O₃@Au	808	Subcutaneous 4T1 tumor	PA, MRI, SERS	PTT	[131]
	Au-NP	808	Subcutaneous U87-MG tumor	PET	PTT	[132]
	Au-NP NV	808	Subcutaneous MDA-MB-435 tumor	PA	PTT	[136]
	Au-NR NV	808	Subcutaneous U87-MG tumor	PA, PET	PTT	[137]
TMC or TMS-based LTN	CuS nanoparticles	808, 980^a, 1064	Orthotopic U87-MG or 4T1 tumor Subcutaneous U87-MG, MDA-MB-231, 4T1, or SCC7 tumor	FI, PA, MRI, PET, CT, γ-imaging	PTT, Ra	[143, 145-149]
	CuS nanodots	808	Subcutaneous and orthotopic 4T1 tumor	PET/CT	PTT	[144]
	CuS@MSN	808, 980, 1064	Subcutaneous 4T1 or HeLa tumor	PA, MRI	PTT	[150, 151]
	MoS₂ nanosheets	808	Subcutaneous 4T1 or Panc-1 tumor	PA, MRI, PET, CT	PTT, Ch, Ra	[153-156]
	WS₂	808	Subcutaneous Panc-1 or 4T1 tumor	FI, PA, MRI, CT	PTT, Ch	[157-159]
	FeS	808	Subcutaneous 4T1 tumor	MRI	PTT	[161]
	Bi₂S₃	808	Subcutaneous 4T1 tumor	PA, CT	PTT	[162]
	MnSe^@Bi₂Se₃	808	Subcutaneous 4T1 tumor	MRI, CT	PTT, Ra	[163]
	Co₉Se₈	808	Subcutaneous HepG2 tumor	PA, MRI	PTT	[164]
Carbon-based LTN	SWCNT	808	Subcutaneous or metastasized 4T1 tumor	FI, PA, MRI, SERS	PTT, Ch	[170, 171, 173]
	Nanographene	808	Subcutaneous 4T1 tumor	FI	PTT	[176]
	rGO-IONP	808	Subcutaneous 4T1 tumor	FI, PA, MRI	PTT	[179]
	GO-IONP-Au	808	Subcutaneous 4T1 tumor	MRI, CT	PTT	[180]
	Carbon dots	671	Subcutaneous HeLa tumor	FI, PA	PTT	[181]
	Graphene QDs	502-540	Subcutaneous MDA-MB-231-GFP tumor	FI	PDT	[182]
Hybrid LTN	Au@Cu₉S₅	1064	Subcutaneous CT26 tumor	CT	PTT	[184]
	rGO@Au-NR NV	808	Subcutaneous U87-MG tumor	PA, PET	PTT, Ch	[138]
	Gd³⁺-Ce6, IR825	808	Subcutaneous 4T1 tumor	FI, PA, MRI	PDT, PTT	[186]
	Cypate, Ce6	660, 785	Subcutaneous 4T1 tumor	FI, PA	PDT, PTT	[187]
	PPy@BSA-Ce6	660, 808	Subcutaneous 4T1 tumor	FI, MRI	PDT, PTT	[188]
	ICG, Au-NR	808	Subcutaneous H22 tumor	FI	PDT, PTT	[189]
	GNR-AlPcS4	670, 810	Subcutaneous SCC7 tumor	FI	PDT, PTT	[190]
	Au-NP NV-Ce6	671	Subcutaneous MDA-MB-435 tumor	FI, PA	PDT, PTT	[135]
	GdOF:Ln@SiO₂ ZnPc-carbon dots	980^a	Subcutaneous H22 tumor	FI, MRI, CT	PDT, PTT, Ch	[192]

a Upconversion nanoparticles were used in LTN construction.

FI, fluorescence imaging; PA, photoacoustic tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PET, positron emission tomography; CT, computed tomography; SERS, surface enhanced Raman scattering; PDT, photodynamic therapy; PTT, photothermal therapy; Ch, chemotherapy; Ra, radiotherapy.