Table 9.

Some Causes of Secondary Osteoporosis in Adults^a

Endocrine or metabolic causes	Nutritional/ gastrointestinal conditions	Drugs	Disorders of collagen metabolism	Other
Acromegaly Diabetes mellitus   Type 1   Type 2 Growth hormone deficency Hypercortisolism Hyperparathyroidism Hyperthyroidism Hypogonadism Hypophosphatasia Porphyria Pregnancy	Alcoholism Anorexia nervosa Calcium deficency Chronic liver disease Malabsorption syndromes/   malnutrition (including   celiac disease, Crohn   disease, and gastric   resection or bypass) Total parenteral nutrition Vitamin D deficency	Antiepilepticsb Aromatase inhibitors Chemotheraphy/   immunosuppressants Depo-Provera Glucocorticoids Gonadotropin-releasing   hormone agonists Heparin Lithium Proton pump inhibitors Selective serotonin   reuptake inhibitors Thiazolidinediones Thyroid hormone (in   supraphysiologic   doses) Warfarin	Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Homocystinuria due to   cystathionine deficency Marfan syndrome Osteogenesis imperfecta	AIDS/HIV Ankylosing spondylitis Chronic obstructive   pulmonary disease Gaucher disease Hemophilia Hypercalciuria Immobilization Major depression Myeloma and some   cancers Organ transplantation Renal insufficiency/   failure Renal tubular acidosis Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic mastocytosis Thalassemiai

^aAIDS = acquired immunodeficency syndrome; HIV = human immunodeficency virus.

^bPhenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, valproate, and carbamazepine have been associated with low bone mass.