Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of REGARDS participants with or without diabetes, by depressive symptom/stress category
| Diabetes (n = 4,090) |
No diabetes (n = 17,913) |
P* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No depressive symptoms, no/low stress | Depressive symptoms or moderate/severe stress | Depressive symptoms and moderate/severe stress | No depressive symptoms, no/low stress | Depressive symptoms or moderate/severe stress | Depressive symptoms and moderate/severe stress | ||
| N | 2,583 | 1,091 | 416 | 12,620 | 4,175 | 1,118 | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 65.2 (8.5) | 64.8 (9.3) | 62.1 (8.6) | 64.1 (9.2) | 63.1 (9.7) | 61.0 (9.8) | <0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 1,335 (51.7) | 703 (64.4) | 324 (77.9) | 6,828 (54.1) | 2,798 (67.0) | 827 (74.0) | <0.001 |
| Black, n (%) | 1,510 (58.5) | 712 (65.3) | 279 (67.1) | 4,341 (34.4) | 1,760 (42.2) | 557 (49.8) | <0.001 |
| Stroke Belt residence, n (%) | 1,477 (57.2) | 646 (59.2) | 280 (67.3) | 6,773 (53.7) | 2,376 (56.9) | 675 (60.4) | <0.001 |
| High school or more education, n (%) | 2,202 (85.3) | 837 (76.9) | 295 (71.2) | 11,682 (92.6) | 3,696 (88.6) | 881 (78.8) | <0.001 |
| Annual household income ≥$35,000, n (%) | 1,088 (47.7) | 313 (33.0) | 80 (22.1) | 6,937 (62.2) | 1,847 (50.8) | 292 (29.9) | <0.001 |
| Health insurance, n (%) | 2,412 (93.5) | 994 (91.1) | 356 (85.8) | 11,895 (94.4) | 3,804 (91.2) | 933 (83.5) | 0.04 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 328 (12.7) | 141 (13.0) | 91 (22.0) | 1,551 (12.3) | 654 (15.7) | 315 (28.3) | 0.54 |
| BMI <25 kg/m2, n (%) | 284 (11.1) | 111 (10.3) | 30 (7.3) | 3,583 (28.5) | 1,191 (28.6) | 285 (25.6) | <0.001 |
| BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2, n (%) | 788 (30.9) | 301 (28.0) | 109 (26.6) | 5,026 (39.9) | 1,448 (34.8) | 364 (32.7) | |
| BMI 30–40 kg/m2, n (%) | 1,186 (46.5) | 497 (46.2) | 195 (47.6) | 3,465 (27.5) | 1,285 (30.9) | 382 (34.3) | |
| BMI >40 kg/m2, n (%) | 292 (11.5) | 167 (15.5) | 76 (18.5) | 510 (4.1) | 236 (5.7) | 84 (7.5) | |
| hs-CRP <1 mg/dL, n (%) | 507 (21.1) | 200 (19.6) | 56 (14.6) | 3,678 (29.8) | 1,061 (26.1) | 222 (20.3) | <0.001 |
| hs-CRP 1–3 mg/dL, n (%) | 765 (31.9) | 271 (26.6) | 86 (22.3) | 4,244 (34.4) | 1,374 (33.8) | 351 (32.1) | |
| hs-CRP ≥3 mg/dL, n (%) | 1,130 (47.0) | 548 (53.8) | 243 (63.1) | 4,420 (35.8) | 1,634 (40.2) | 521 (47.6) | |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy, n (%) | 321 (12.4) | 154 (14.1) | 56 (13.5) | 975 (7.7) | 349 (8.4) | 107 (9.6) | <0.001 |
| Statin use, n (%) | 1,038 (40.2) | 461 (42.3) | 155 (37.3) | 2,755 (21.8) | 843 (20.2) | 232 (20.8) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 131.1 (16.4) | 131.9 (17.2) | 131.2 (18.6) | 126.0 (15.9) | 125.4 (16.5) | 126.2 (17.2) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 182.7 (39.7) | 185.3 (42.7) | 190.3 (44.2) | 197.5 (37.7) | 199.0 (38.4) | 201.3 (40.4) | <0.001 |
*P value for comparison of subjects with diabetes vs. subjects with no diabetes.