Table 2.

Parameter estimates from the regression model and mixed-effects regression model.

Parameter	Models used in the analyzing step
	Regression		Mixed-effects regression
	Meta-analysis model		Meta-analysis model
	Random-effects	Mixed-effects (wave as a moderator)	Random-effects	Mixed-effects (wave as a moderator)
${\widehat{\gamma }}_{10}$	0.9011	0.9011	0.8961	0.8961
SEγ10	0.0176	0.0105	0.0180	0.0105
${\widehat{\gamma }}_{20}$	–0.8624	–0.8623	–1.2010	–1.2009
SEγ20	0.1048	0.0866	0.0976	0.0773
${\widehat{\gamma }}_{11}$		0.0104		0.0108
SEγ11		0.0017		0.0017
${\widehat{\gamma }}_{21}$		–0.0436		–0.0440
SEγ21		0.0136		0.0122
${\widehat{T}}_{11}^2$	0.0068	0.0024	0.0071	0.0024
${\widehat{T}}_{21}^2$	–0.0178	0.0006	–0.0154	0.0037
${\widehat{T}}_{22}^2$	0.2413	0.1646	0.2091	0.1313
$I_{Dep}^2$	1.0000		1.0000
$I_{Dist}^2$	0.9995		0.9991
$R_{Dep}^2$		0.6436		0.6570
$R_{Dist}^2$		0.3176		0.3720

${\widehat{\gamma }}_{10}$: regression coefficient of Dep. ${\widehat{\gamma }}_{20}$: regression coefficient of Dist. ${\widehat{\gamma }}_{11}$: regression coefficient of Year in predicting the coefficient of Dep. ${\widehat{\gamma }}_{21}$: regression coefficient of Year in predicting the coefficient of Dist.