. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 28.

Published in final edited form as: Endocr Disruptors (Austin). 2015 Jul 28;3(1):e1069916. doi: 10.1080/23273747.2015.1069916

Table 1.

Sensitive Markers of Oxidative Stress and Their Use in Studies on Representative EDCs^Δ

Measure of Oxidative Stress	Target Biomolecule	Sensitive Analytical Methods^*	Sample Matrix	EDCs Studied - Direct Exposure	EDCs Studied - Fetal Exposure
o,o-dityrosine (DiY), 3-chlorotyrosine (ClY), and 3-nitrotyrosine (NY)	Amino acids	LC-MS/MS; GC-MS/MS	Plasma, serum, urine, tissues	NS^{^}	BPA¹
F2-isoprostanes	Lipids	LC-MS; GC-MS	Plasma, urine	PCBs,²⁸ OP pesticides,²⁹ PAHs⁵³	NS^{^}
Free Fatty Acids (FFA)	Lipids	GC; GC-MS	Plasma, tissues	OP pesticides³⁸	BPA,¹ phthalates³⁷
8-oxodG	DNA	HPLC-ECD	Urine, tissues	phthalates,¹⁷ BPA,⁵⁴ PAHs⁵⁵	BPA^56,57
8-oxoGuo	RNA	HPLC-ECD	Urine, tissues	NS^{^}	NS^{^}
Cellular redox potentials	Cell	HPLC	Plasma, serum, blood, tissue	NS^{^}	NS^{^}

Only the most sensitive analytical methods reported

^{^}

Not yet studied in published literature

^Δ

Representative EDCs considered for this table included bisphenol a (BPA), phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), lead, organophosphate (OP) and organochlorine (OC) pesticides, organotins, flame retardants, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)