Table 2.
The association between air pollutants (PM10 or ozone) and the risk of dementia (AD or VaD)
| Level of air pollutants |
Ptrend | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1∗ |
T2∗ |
T3∗ |
|||||
| N (case/control) | AOR (95% CI) | N (case/control) | AOR (95% CI) | N (case/control) | AOR (95% CI) | ||
| AD† | |||||||
| PM10‡ | 82/199 | 1.00 | 68/145 | 1.68 (0.94–3.00) | 99/153 | 4.17 (2.31–7.54) | <.0001 |
| Ozone§ | 92/202 | 1.00 | 51/125 | 0.60 (0.33–1.09) | 106/170 | 2.00 (1.14–3.50) | .03 |
| VaD‖ | |||||||
| PM10‡ | 41/199 | 1.00 | 35/145 | 1.86 (0.89–3.90) | 49/153 | 3.61 (1.67–7.81) | .004 |
| Ozone § | 36/202 | 1.00 | 32/125 | 0.62 (0.28–1.38) | 57/170 | 2.09 (1.01–4.33) | .05 |
Numbers in bold indicated significant findings, that is, AOR not including 1 or P < 0.05.
Abbreviations: PM10, particulate matter <10 μm in diameter; AD, Alzheimer's disease; VaD, vascular dementia; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ppb, parts per billion.
The level of each air pollutant was tertiled (T1, T2, and T3).
Models of AD were adjusted for age, gender, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 status, PM10 level, ozone level, education years, and body mass index (kg/m2).
Groups for PM10 exposure, lowest tertile (T1: <44.95 μg/m3), medium tertile (T2: 44.95–49.23 μg/m3), highest tertile (T3: >49.23 μg/m3).
Groups for ozone exposure, lowest tertile (T1: <20.20 ppb), medium tertile (T2: 20.20–21.56 ppb), highest tertile (T3: >21.56 ppb).
Models of VaD were adjusted for age, gender, APOE ɛ4 status, PM10 level, ozone level, education years, and alcohol consumption.