Table 4.
The association between air pollutants (PM10 or ozone) and the risk of dementia (AD or VaD) by gender
| Variables | Men |
Women |
Pinteraction | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/control | AOR (95% CI) | Case/control | AOR (95% CI) | ||
| AD∗ | |||||
| Overall | 85/241 | 0.95 (0.60–1.51) | 164/256 | 1.00 | |
| PM10† | .95 | ||||
| T1 | 28/99 | 1.00 | 54/100 | 1.00 | |
| T2 | 25/85 | 1.93 (0.81–4.58) | 46/70 | 1.48 (0.64–3.38) | |
| T3 | 32/57 | 4.50 (1.85–10.95) | 64/86 | 3.75 (1.60–8.81) | |
| Ozone‡ | .48 | ||||
| T1 | 29/79 | 1.00 | 61/82 | 1.00 | |
| T2 | 24/87 | 0.50 (0.20–1.27) | 51/88 | 0.70 (0.30–1.64) | |
| T3 | 32/75 | 2.24 (0.97–5.18) | 52/86 | 1.93 (0.86–4.34) | |
| VaD§ | |||||
| Overall | 55/241 | 1.39 (0.76–2.56) | 70/256 | 1.00 | |
| PM10† | .78 | ||||
| T1 | 16/99 | 1.00 | 25/100 | 1.00 | |
| T2 | 16/85 | 1.62 (0.54–4.84) | 20/70 | 2.11 (0.71–6.32) | |
| T3 | 23/57 | 3.46 (1.11–10.78) | 25/86 | 2.90 (0.94–8.98) | |
| Ozone‡ | .70 | ||||
| T1 | 16/79 | 1.00 | 18/82 | 1.00 | |
| T2 | 24/87 | 0.54 (0.17–1.68) | 28/88 | 0.85 (0.27–2.70) | |
| T3 | 15/75 | 1.58 (0.57–4.37) | 24/86 | 2.28 (0.75–6.94) | |
Numbers in bold indicated significant findings, that is, AOR not including 1 or P < 0.05.
Abbreviations: PM10, particulate matter <10 μm in diameter; AD, Alzheimer's disease; VaD, vascular dementia; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
Models of AD were adjusted for age, gender, APOE ɛ4 status, PM10 level, ozone level, education years, and body mass index (kg/m2).
Groups for PM10 exposure, lowest tertile (T1: <44.95 μg/m3), medium tertile (T2: 44.95–49.23 μg/m3), and highest tertile (T3: >49.23 μg/m3).
Groups for ozone exposure, lowest tertile (T1: <20.20 ppb), medium tertile (T2: 20.20–21.56 ppb), and highest tertile (T3: >21.56 ppb).
Models of VaD were adjusted for age, gender, APOE ɛ4 status, PM10 level, ozone level, education years, and alcohol consumption.