Table 1.

Risk factors for Osteoporosis

Risk factors independent of bone mineral density	Risk factors dependent on bone mineral density
Age	Untreated hypogonadism, premature menopause
Previous personal history of fragility fracture	Malabsorption
Maternal history of hip fracture – heritable influences	Endocrine disease e.g. hyperthyroidism
Glucocorticoid therapy	Chronic renal disease
Smoking	Chronic liver disease
Alcohol intake >=3 units/day	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Rheumatoid arthritis	Immobility
Body mass index <=19kg/m2	Drugs e.g. androgen deprivation therapy, aromatase inhibitors
Falls
Caucasian ethnicity
Geography – latitudes furthest from equator