. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 23.

Published in final edited form as: Diabetes. 2016 Jan 6;65(4):851–860. doi: 10.2337/db15-1531

Table 3.

The effect of pregnancy and gestational age on blood glucose concentrations in the fed and fasted state, plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, insulin, leptin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)1 in non-pregnant females and dams at day (D)16 and D19 of pregnancy in the fed state.

	Non-pregnant	Pregnant

		D16	D19
Glucose Fed state (mmol/l)	9.3 ± 0.5 (10)	10.3 ± 0.3 (11)	9.4 ± 0.6 (16)
Fasted 3.5h (mmol/l)	7.1 ± 0.4^a (8)	5.3 ± 0.3^b (6)	5.5 ± 0.3^b (6)
Fasted 6h (mmol/l)	6.9 ± 0.3^a (11)	6.8 ± 0.2^a^† (9)	5.2 ± 0.3^b (8)
FFA Fed (μmol/l)	637 ± 49^a (10)	256 ± 42^b (9)	381 ± 41^b*(10)
TG Fed (mmol/l)	1.0 ± 0.1 (10)	1.2 ± 0.2 (9)	1.0 ± 0.1 (10)
Cholesterol Fed (mmol/l)	1.8 ± 0.1^a (10)	1.4 ± 0.1^b (9)	1.0 ± 0.1^c (10)
Insulin Fed (μg/L)	0.19 ± 0.04^a (10)	1.3 ± 0.3^b (10)	0.6 ± 0.1^ab (10)
Leptin Fed (pg/ml)	766 ± 71^a (10)	4058 ± 656^b (10)	3927 ± 709^b (10)
IGF1 Fed (pg/ml)	487 ± 68^a (10)	299 ± 23^b (12)	253 ± 20^b (12)

Data are expressed as mean±SEM with the number of animals shown in parentheses. Values with different superscripts are significantly different from each other (p<0.05, one way ANOVA). The asterisk indicates a significant difference between D16 and D19 of pregnancy (p<0.05, t-test).

^†

indicates a significantly different values between animals fasted for 3.5h and 6h in the same group.