Table 2.
Pupil characteristics and school WASH conditions at baseline for all trial arms
| Control
|
HW
|
LC+HW
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Pupil enrollment | 5302 | 5490 | 6772 | |||
| Grades 1–3 | 2127 | 40.1% | 2236 | 40.7% | 2680 | 39.6% |
| Girls | 1061 | 49.9% | 1094 | 48.9% | 1307 | 48.8% |
| Grades 4–7 | 2693 | 50.8% | 2822 | 51.4% | 3465 | 51.2% |
| Girls | 1361 | 50.5% | 1403 | 49.7% | 1751 | 50.5% |
| Grade 8 | 482 | 9.1% | 432 | 7.9% | 627 | 9.3% |
| Girls | 193 | 40.0% | 177 | 41.0% | 261 | 41.6% |
| District | ||||||
| Nyando/Kisumu | 2551 | 48.1% | 2884 | 52.5% | 3836 | 56.6% |
| Rachuonyo | 2751 | 51.9% | 2606 | 47.5% | 2936 | 43.4% |
| Pupil absence1 | 375 | 9.8% | 623 | 12.9% | 862 | 12.7% |
| Grades 1–3 | 195 | 12.2% | 317 | 15.9% | 399 | 14.9% |
| Boys | 92 | 11.4% | 162 | 15.9% | 199 | 14.5% |
| Girls | 103 | 13.1% | 155 | 16.0% | 200 | 15.3% |
| Grades 4–7 | 164 | 8.6% | 290 | 11.7% | 418 | 12.1% |
| Boys | 90 | 9.4% | 141 | 11.4% | 225 | 13.1% |
| Girls | 74 | 7.8% | 149 | 12.0% | 193 | 11.0% |
| Grade 8 | 16 | 4.8% | 16 | 4.3% | 45 | 7.2% |
| Boys | 11 | 5.7% | 12 | 5.5% | 25 | 6.8% |
| Girls | 5 | 3.6% | 4 | 2.7% | 20 | 7.7% |
| District | ||||||
| Nyando/Kisumu | 180 | 9.7% | 300 | 12.4% | 466 | 12.1% |
| Rachuonyo | 195 | 9.9% | 323 | 13.4% | 396 | 13.5% |
| School facilities (n = 20) | ||||||
| Water | ||||||
| Current water source improved | 13 | 65.0% | 13 | 65.0% | 17 | 85.0% |
| Current water source >1 km away | 2 | 20.0% | 1 | 5.0% | 1 | 5.0% |
| Sanitation | ||||||
| Mean girls per latrine (SD) | 42.4 | (34.4) | 29.1 | (16.5) | 40.6 | (27.4) |
| Mean boys per latrine (SD) | 34.2 | (32.6) | 31.1 | (19.7) | 45.0 | (34.1) |
1
Baseline data was collected at all schools, however events were being held at some Control and HW schools which resulted in high rates of absenteeism that day. Therefore, baseline absenteeism was determined for only those schools that did not have an irregular event.