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. 2016 Jan 25;2:15069. doi: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.69

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Copyright © 2016 Cell Death Differentiation Association

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Novel protein interactions reveal regulators of endocytosis and filopodia formation in blebbishields. (a) GST pulldown using RalGDS-RBD as bait showed constitutive interactions of cdc42, PKC-ζ, K-Ras, full-length and cleaved β-catenin, and internal VEGFR2 with E-cadherin in RT4P cells; interactions with E-cadherin and full-length β-catenin were lost in blebbishields. Note: the blebbishield lane and blebbishield (BS)-depleted cells lane are fractions of the blebbishield ejection (BE) medium lane. (b) Proposed model of E-cadherin-mediated locked state and how caspase-3 cleavage of β-catenin could release RalGDS and interaction partners from E-cadherin-mediated lock. Cl., cleaved. (c) Selective interaction of p45S6K (caspase-3-cleaved p70S6K) and PKM-ζ (cleaved PKC-ζ) with PAK-1-CRIB domain along with filopodia initiator cdc42. Cl., cleaved; iso, isoform. (d) Caspase-3-mediated cleavage of p70S6K and PKC-ζ to generate p45S6K and PKM-ζ to generate serpentine filopodia. (e) Mapping caspase-3 cleavage site PVD in p70S6K and PKC-ζ to generate constitutively active form devoid of auto-inhibitory domain (AID) but with intact kinase domain (KD/PKD). The epitopes for the corresponding antibodies are also shown to explain why these antibodies are capable of detecting p45S6K and PKM-ζ. (f) Western blotting showing that blebbishields retain phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 protein, a target of p70S6K (left). Isolated RT4P blebbishields form spheres (indicating transformation), and inhibition of S6K with BI-D1870 abolishes transformation from blebbishields (right). Cl., cleaved; Ph., phosphorylated; Tot., total.