Schematic representation of experimental design. Exposures were performed separately, but simultaneously, for An. coluzzii and An. merus. Each species was exposed to SW (or FW) for 6 h, followed by immediate preservation for RNA extraction as designated by *. In 2012, two ages were tested by starting exposure at age 18 h post-hatch or age 66 h post-hatch. In 2014, only one age was tested, starting exposure at 18 h post-hatch.