Table 1.
Selected Baseline Characteristics from Individuals who Participated in Exams 2 and 5 and did not have Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration at Baseline, Overall and by Racial/Ethnic Group, in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
| Characteristic* | All Participants (n=3802) [Mean (SD) or % (n)] | Whites Participants (n=1549) [Mean (SD) or % (n)] | Blacks Participants (n=949) [Mean (SD) or %] | Hispanic Participants (n=841) [Mean (SD) or %] | Chinese Participants (n=463) [Mean (SD) or % (n)] | p-value** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
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| Age (yrs) | 60.8 (9.1) | 61.1 (9.2) | 60.6 (8.7) | 60.3 (9.2) | 60.5 (9.1) | 0.001 |
| Sex (% male) | 46.9% (1783) | 47.6% (737) | 44.3% (420) | 47.0% (395) | 49.9% (231) | 0.291 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 40.7% (1549) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Black | 25.0% (949) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Hispanic | 22.1% (841) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Chinese | 12.2% (463) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Cigarette Smoking | ||||||
| Past | 41.1% (1552) | 47.4% (729) | 41.7% (392) | 39.5% (330) | 21.9% (101) | < 0.001 |
| Current | 11.1% (419) | 10.2% (157) | 15.7% (148) | 10.8% (90) | 5.2% (24) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure, Seated (mmHg) | 70.6 (10.0) | 69.0 (9.6) | 73.7 (9.9) | 70.5 (10.0) | 69.9 (9.7) | < 0.001 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 28.4 (5.4) | 27.9 (5.2) | 30.2 (5.5) | 29.5 (5.4) | 24.1 (3.2) | < 0.001 |
| Weight at Age 40 years (lbs) | 156.1 (32.7) | 158.5 (33.3) | 165.0 (33.4) | 154.9 (29.0) | 131.8 (21.4) | < 0.001 |
| Medication Use | ||||||
| Diuretics | 13.3% (483) | 13.2% (191) | 21.4% (196) | 8.8% (71) | 5.5% (25) | < 0.001 |
| Lipid-Lowering Agents | 21.4% (776) | 25.5% (371) | 19.5% (179) | 17.7% (143) | 18.2% (83) | < 0.001 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 192.2 (35.0) | 193.6 (34.5) | 188.9 (36.0) | 194.1 (36.3) | 191.1 (31.5) | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 131.4 (81.9) | 131.4 (77.1) | 103.2 (57.4) | 152.3 (96.2) | 150.5 (94.6) | < 0.001 |
| Large Artery Elasticity Index (ml/mmHg × 10) | 14.2 (5.5) | 14.5 (5.7) | 14.3 (5.7) | 13.7 (5.1) | 13.9 (5.3) | < 0.001 |
| Internal Carotid Intimal-Medial Thickness (mm) | 1.0 (0.5) | 1.0 (0.5) | 1.0 (0.6) | 1.0 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
| Z Score Maximum Intimal-Medial Thickness | −0.2 (0.9) | −0.2 (0.9) | −0.1 (0.9) | −0.2 (0.8) | −0.5 (0.7) | < 0.001 |
| Hyperopia | 36.8% (1355) | 34.9% (526) | 36.2% (328) | 47.4% (389) | 24.9% (112) | < 0.001 |
| Astigmatism | 43.4% (1598) | 44.6% (672) | 42.1% (381) | 38.7% (317) | 50.8% (228) | < 0.001 |
| Genotypes | ||||||
| ARMS2 RS3793917 | < 0.001 | |||||
| CC | 6.6% (234) | 3.8% (56) | 5.7% (47) | 5.6% (45) | 19.6% (86) | |
| CG | 36.2% (1285) | 34.0% (503) | 34.0% (279) | 34.5% (278) | 51.3% (225) | |
| GG | 57.2% (2027) | 62.3% (923) | 60.2% (494) | 59.9% (482) | 29.2% (128) | |
| CFH Y402H RS1061170 | < 0.001 | |||||
| AA | 58.3% (950) | 39.6% (170) | 44.8% (168) | 57.9% (235) | 89.6% (377) | |
| AG | 33.8% (551) | 47.6% (204) | 44.5% (167) | 33.7% (137) | 10.2% (43) | |
| GG | 8.0% (130) | 12.8% (55) | 10.7% (40) | 8.4% (34) | 0.2% (1) | |
-- = cannot be calculated; SD=standard deviation.
Measured at baseline examination (collected prior to visit 5 when follow-up eye examination occurred). Characteristics were selected for inclusion in this Table if the characteristic had a p<0.10 in preliminary analyses of incident AMD in which each variable was considered separately, controlling for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. See Supplemental Table 1 for other characteristics considered. CFH Y402H RS1061170 was available only for a subset of participants (n=2451).
P-values represent the results of testing for equality among racial/ethnic groups, controlling for age and sex. General linear models were utilized for continuous variables and logistic regression models were utilized for categorical variables.