Table 3.
The Association between Family members’ and Nursing Home Residents’ reports of Nursing Home Residents’ Everyday Preferences by Domain
| Preference [“How important is it to you to…”]a | Resident Mean (SD) | Family Mean (SD) | t(p) | r(p) | ICC (p) | % Perfect Agree.b | % I/NI Agree.c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-Dominion Preferences | |||||||
| Choose what to eat | 3.66(0.59) | 3.71(0.48) | -0.80(.43) | .20(.07)† | 0.20(.04)* | 64.3 | 95.2 |
| Do what helps you feel better when you are upset | 3.70(0.51) | 3.78(0.48) | -0.90(.37) | -.13(.25) | -0.13(.88) | 59.0 | 94.9 |
| Choose what clothes to wear | 3.20(0.86) | 3.41(0.70) | -1.91(.06)† | .14(.20) | 0.08(.10)† | 45.9 | 92.9 |
| Have privacy | 3.55(0.68) | 3.59(0.54) | -0.39(.70) | .07(.53) | 0.06(.30) | 55.4 | 91.6 |
| Keep your room at a certain temperature | 3.53(0.63) | 3.56(0.59) | -0.25(.80) | -.04(.73) | -0.25(.64) | 41.7 | 90.5 |
| Choose how to care for your mouth | 3.75(0.58) | 3.50(0.70) | 3.10(.003)** | .09(.41) | 0.09(.21) | 57.8 | 89.2 |
| Choose your own bedtime | 3.58(0.64) | 3.53(0.59) | 0.37(71) | -.03(.79) | -0.24(.60) | 49.4 | 89.2 |
| Set up your bed for comfort | 3.62(0.60) | 3.56(0.60) | 0.58(.57) | .05(.65) | 0.06(.32) | 49.3 | 88.7 |
| Choose how often to bathe | 3.57(0.56) | 3.34(0.67) | 3.02(.000)*** | .24(.03)* | 0.23(.02)* | 52.4 | 87.8 |
| Choose what time to get up | 3.33(0.75) | 3.58(0.52) | -2.73(.008)** | .25(.02)* | 0.23(.02)* | 56.0 | 86.9 |
| Choose your roommate | 3.34(0.85) | 3.41(0.83) | -0.44(.66) | .30(.04)* | 0.30(.02)* | 47.9 | 85.4 |
| Know your needs when going to the bathroom | 3.46(0.80) | 3.71(0.58) | -2.13(.04) * | -.11(.35) | -0.11(.82) | 50.6 | 84.4 |
| Choose how to care for your hair | 3.57(0.78) | 3.45(0.70) | 1.80(.08) † | .27(.01)** | 0.27(.006)** | 60.2 | 84.3 |
| Take care of your personal belongings or things | 3.59(.70) | 3.54(0.73) | 0.42(.68) | -.07(.52) | -0.07(.74) | 51.8 | 83.5 |
| Set up your room the way you want | 3.51(0.65 | 3.38(0.76) | 1.15(.25) | .10(.38) | 0.10(.19) | 45.2 | 82.1 |
| Adjust the lighting in your room | 3.45(0.59) | 3.30(0.79) | 1.47(.15) | .04(.70) | 0.04(.35) | 44.0 | 79.8 |
| Choose how often to care for your nails | 3.20(0.78) | 3.21(0.84) | -0.11(.91) | .26(.02)* | 0.26(.008)** | 47.6 | 77.4 |
| Follow a routine when you go to bed | 3.30(0.86) | 3.36(0.69) | -0.51(61) | .03(.79) | 0.19(.40) | 44.4 | 76.5 |
| Lock things up to keep them safe | 3.39(0.89) | 3.42(0.81) | -0.39(.70) | .15(.18) | 0.15(.09) † | 51.8 | 75.9 |
| Choose what name to be called | 3.14(0.89) | 3.31(0.73) | -1.38(0.17) | .08(.47) | 0.08(.24) | 38.1 | 75.0 |
| Follow a routine in the morning | 3.21(0.86) | 3.43(0.65) | -2.18(.03)* | .13(.23) | 0.13(.12) | 39.8 | 74.7 |
| Choose between a tub bath, a shower a bed bath or a sponge bath | 3.49(0.73) | 3.27(0.82) | 1.87(.07)† | .03(.78) | 0.03(.39) | 38.5 | 74.4 |
| Choose what time of day to bathe | 3.19(0.78) | 3.25(0.70) | -0.67(.51) | .10(.37) | 0.10(.18) | 47.5 | 73.8 |
| Choose where to eat | 3.17(0.92) | 3.29(0.74) | -0.91(.37) | -.05(67) | -0.05(.66) | 32.1 | 69.5 |
| Order take-out food | 2.33(1.07) | 2.40(1.05) | -0.49(.63) | .39(.000)*** | 0.39(.000)*** | 35.1 | 66.2 |
| Choose when to eat | 2.93(0.94) | 3.17(0.77) | -1.85(.07)† | .07(.55) | 0.07(.28) | 33.3 | 63.1 |
| Take a nap when you wish | 2.94(1.02) | 3.42(0.75) | -3.71(.000)*** | .09(.43) | 0.13(.22) | 32.1 | 60.7 |
| Enlisting Others in Care Preferences | |||||||
| Choose who is involved in discussions about your care | 3.75(0.46) | 3.73(0.52) | 0.49(.63) | .08(.49) | 0.08(.24) | 70.2 | 95.2 |
| Choose your medical care professional | 3.73(0.56) | 3.29(0.75) | 3.94(.000)*** | -.10(.40) | -0.09(.79) | 39.0 | 84.1 |
| Talk to a mental health professional when you are sad or worried | 2.66(1.12) | 2.87(1.02) | -1.56(.12) | .34(.003)** | 0.34(.001)*** | 32.1 | 61.5 |
| Choose whether your daily caregiver is male or female | 2.66(1.10) | 2.72(0.93) | -0.67(.51) | .16(.14) | 0.06(.07)† | 31.3 | 51.8 |
| Leisure & Diversionary Activity Preferences | |||||||
| Drink alcohol on occasion | 1.61(0.80) | 1.65(0.99) | -0.37(.71) | .51(.000)*** | 0.50(.000)*** | 56.1 | 82.9 |
| Watch or listen to TV | 3.46(0.67) | 3.56(0.72) | -0.88(.38) | .21(.06)† | 0.21(.03)* | 56.1 | 81.7 |
| Take care of the place you live | 3.63(0.58) | 3.11(0.89) | 4.87(.000)*** | .14(.20) | 0.13(.12) | 45.8 | 72.3 |
| Play games | 2.98(1.02) | 2.92(0.92) | 0.52(.61) | .35(.002)** | 0.35(.001)*** | 33.8 | 71.4 |
| Go shopping | 2.78(1.07) | 2.60(1.04) | 1.57(.12) | .36(.001)*** | -0.14(.90) | 81.5 | 66.7 |
| Have snacks available between meals | 2.78(1.08) | 3.22(0.80) | -3.45(.001)** | .36(.001)*** | 0.35(.001)*** | 41.0 | 66.3 |
| Eat at restaurants | 2.76(1.11) | 2.89(0.97) | -0.75(.45) | .34(.002)** | 0.34(.001)*** | 38.0 | 63.3 |
| Watch movies with other people | 2.68(1.03) | 2.93(0.93) | -1.69(.10)† | .11(.33) | 0.11(.16) | 30.5 | 62.2 |
| Do outdoor tasks | 2.64(1.06) | 2.15(1.04) | 3.70(.000)*** | .20(.10) | 0.20(.05)† | 33.3 | 56.9 |
| Use tobacco products d | 4.00 | 3.00 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Social Contact Preferences | |||||||
| Spend time with family | 3.89(0.31) | 3.91(0.29) | 0.30(.77) | .19(.09)† | 0.19(.05)* | 86.1 | 100.0 |
| Have staff show they care about you | 3.73(0.52) | 3.84(0.37) | -1.53(.13) | -.03(.76) | -0.03(.61) | 66.7 | 98.8 |
| Have staff show you respect | 3.79(0.49) | 3.91(0.29) | -1.92(.06)† | .03(.82) | 0.02(.44) | 77.6 | 96.5 |
| Spend time with friends | 3.46(0.52) | 3.51(0.67) | -0.50(.62) | -.09(.44) | -0.08(.77) | 36.6 | 91.5 |
| Spend time one-on-one with someone | 3.44(0.82) | 3.41(0.66) | 0.60(.55) | .19(.08)† | 0.19(.04)* | 49.4 | 83.1 |
| Be able to use the phone in private | 3.33(0.94) | 3.44(0.72) | -0.84(.40) | .20(.07)† | 0.19(.04)* | 51.2 | 80.5 |
| Do things with groups of people | 3.07(0.94) | 3.35(0.80) | -1.91(.06) † | .25(.03)* | 0.25(.01)* | 43.8 | 73.8 |
| Give gifts | 3.38(0.83) | 3.11(0.81) | 2.02(.05) * | .11(.35) | 0.11(.17) | 48.8 | 71.3 |
| Meet new people | 3.06(0.84) | 3.21(0.85) | -0.87(.39) | .23(.04)* | 0.23(.02)* | 35.8 | 69.1 |
| Be around children | 3.27(0.94) | 2.65(0.92) | 5.41(.000)*** | .28(.01)** | 0.28(.006)** | 33.3 | 67.9 |
| Spend time by yourself | 3.25(0.82) | 3.08(0.83) | 1.55(.13) | .14(.22) | 0.08(.11) | 38.0 | 65.8 |
| Be a member of a club | 2.62(1.00) | 2.64(1.01) | 0.38(.70) | .29(.008)** | 0.28(.006)** | 33.8 | 63.6 |
| Volunteer your time | 3.26(0.87) | 2.42(1.07) | 6.08(.000)*** | .15(.19) | 0.15(.10) | 26.3 | 51.3 |
| Growth Activity Preferences | |||||||
| Go outside to get fresh air when the weather is good | 3.48(0.78) | 3.44(0.77) | 0.75(.46) | .32(.003)** | 0.32(.002)** | 57.8 | 85.5 |
| Do your favorite hobbies | 3.63(0.56) | 3.39(0.92) | 2.08(.04)* | .03(.78) | 0.03(.40) | 47.3 | 85.1 |
| Attend entertainment events | 3.39(0.80) | 3.35(0.72) | 0.58(.56) | .24(.03)* | 0.24(.02)* | 45.2 | 83.3 |
| Do your favorite activities | 3.56(0.64) | 3.44(0.83) | 0.94(.35) | -.04(.76) | -0.03(.62) | 49.4 | 82.3 |
| Learn about topics that interest you | 3.50(0.70) | 3.34(0.75) | 1.67(.10) | .21(.06)† | 0.21(.03)* | 48.8 | 81.0 |
| Have reading materials available | 3.56(0.71) | 3.39(0.84) | 1.99(.05)* | .42(.000)*** | 0.41(.000)*** | 54.5 | 80.8 |
| Keep up with the news | 3.55(0.70) | 3.30(0.75) | 2.50(.01)* | .18(.12) | 0.18(.06) † | 50.0 | 80.0 |
| Reminisce about the past | 3.33(0.84) | 3.28(0.76) | 0.59(.56) | .29(.01)** | 0.28(.005)** | 45.7 | 77.8 |
| Use the computer | 2.21(1.25) | 1.96(1.13) | 2.41(.02)* | .66(.000)*** | 0.65(.000)*** | 61.0 | 76.6 |
| Do things away from here | 3.26(0.82) | 3.14(0.91) | 0.94(.35) | .24(.03)* | 0.24(.02)* | 45.0 | 76.3 |
| Listen to music you like | 3.51(0.69) | 3.07(0.89) | 3.92(.000)*** | .13(.24) | 0.13(.13) | 37.0 | 75.3 |
| Participate in religious services or practices | 3.28(0.91) | 3.08(1.01) | 1.77(.08)† | .47(.000)*** | 0.47(.000)*** | 50.6 | 72.3 |
| Sports | 2.95(1.03) | 2.30(1.06) | 6.65(.000)*** | .61(.000)*** | 0.61(.000)*** | 38.3 | 71.6 |
| Exercise | 3.25(0.89) | 2.80(0.96) | 3.94(.000)*** | .32(.003)** | 0.32(.002)** | 40.5 | 66.7 |
| Take care of plants | 2.70(1.17) | 2.06(1.02) | 4.53(.000)*** | .44(.000)*** | 0.43(.000)*** | 36.4 | 66.2 |
| Participate in your cultural traditions | 2.85(0.97) | 2.90(1.01) | -0.55(.59) | .23(.05)* | 0.23(.02)* | 39.7 | 64.1 |
| Be around animals such as pets | 2.76(1.15) | 2.34(1.07) | 2.95(.004) ** | .38(.000)*** | 0.38(.000)*** | 40.7 | 60.5 |
| Be involved in cooking | 2.70(1.17) | 2.06(1.01) | 4.83(.000)*** | .41(.000)*** | 0.41(.000)*** | 34.6 | 60.5 |
Note. N = 85 dyads of a resident and family proxy.
†
p <.10.
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001.
a
Importance ratings were recoded to a 4-point scale from 1 (not important at all) to 4 (very important).
b
Percent perfect agreement calculated based on responses by resident and family that were perfectly concordant (e.g., very important = very important).
c
Percent Important versus Not Important concordance calculated based on responses by residents and family members that indicate the same side of the importance scale (e.g., very important and somewhat important = important).
d
Analyses were not performed on this item given the low endorsement of smoking within the sample (n = 2)