Table 2.

Neonatal characteristics at birth.^* Figures are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise

	Cup		Bottle
	No dummy (n=89)	Dummy (n=72)	No dummy (n=73)	Dummy (n=85)
Twins	28 (31)	12 (17)	18 (25)	24 (28)
Method of delivery (n=89/72/72/84†):
Vaginal	29 (33)	26 (36)	24 (33)	23 (27)
Instrument	10 (11)	1 (1)	5 (7)	7 (8)
Caesarean, no labour	7 (8)	9 (13)	10 (14)	14 (17)
Caesarean with labour	43 (48)	36 (50)	33 (46)	40 (48)
Mean (SD, range) birth weight (g) (n=89/72/72/85†)	1325 (453, 552-2520)	1344 (488, 609-2560)	1508 (463, 720-2530)	1382 (469, 500-2580)
Gestational age at birth (weeks) (n=89/72/73/85†):
<28 weeks	25 (28)	17 (24)	14 (19)	20 (24)
28 to <34 weeks	64 (72)	55 (76)	59 (81)	65 (76)
Mean (SD, range)	29.2 (2.7, 24-33)	29.5 (2.7, 23-33)	30.3 (2.6, 25-33)	29.6 (2.6, 24-33)
Outcome (n=89/72/73/85†):
Discharged directly home	35 (39)	27 (38)	23 (32)	32 (38)
Transferred to peripheral hospital	47 (53)	42 (58)	48 (66)	50 (59)
Died in hospital	5 (6)	3 (4)	2 (3)	2 (2)
No details available (withdrew from study)	2 (2)	0	1 (1)	1 (1)
Respiratory support:
IPPV	62 (71)	48 (67)	40 (56)	57 (67)
Days of IPPV‡ (n=62/48/40/57†)	5 (2, 19)	6 (3,22)	3 (2, 19)	5 (2, 19)
CPAP (n=87/72/72/85†)	50 (57)	44 (61)	34 (47)	48 (56)
Days of CPAP‡	6 (2, 16)	5 (2, 13)	3 (1, 11)	4 (2, 11)
Home oxygen (n=89/72/73/85†)	11 (12)	8 (11)	4 (5)	8 (9)
Central nervous system:
PV/IVH, any grade (n=89/72/72/85†)	16 (18)	8 (11)	5 (7)	12 (14)
PVLE (n=89/72/72/85†)	4 (4)	2 (3)	1 (1)	1 (1)
Necrotising enterocolitis (n=89/72/72/85†)	1 (1)	3 (4)	1 (1)	4 (5)

IPPV=intermittent positive pressure ventilation; CPAP=continuous positive airway pressure; PV/IVH=periventricular/intraventricular haemorrhage; PVLE=periventricular leucoencephalopathy.

^*Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

^†Numerical data available for cup/no dummy, cup/dummy, bottle/no dummy, and bottle/dummy, respectively.

^‡Median (25th, 75th centile).