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. 2016 May 24;7:180. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00180

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Copyright © 2016 Kalamegam, Abbas, Gari, Alsehli, Kadam, Alkaff, Chaudhary, Al-Qahtani, Abuzenadah, Kafienah and Mobasheri.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Phase contrast microscopic images of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) following exposure either as cell suspension arm (A) or cell pellet arm (B) to illuminated arthroscopic temperature and cultured for 72 h. Decrease in cell density was observed in cell suspension arm (A) compared to cell pellet arm (B). (Magnification 10X). (C,D) Cellular activity assay of the hBMMSCs exposed to an illuminated arthroscope at 72 h, either as cell suspension (C) or cell pellet (D). Values are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) from three different samples. Asterisks (*) indicate statistical significance at p < 0.05 compared to respective controls.