Table 2.
Features of patulous ETD on imaging
| Paper | Imaging modality | Cohort: patients (ears) | Basis for Patulous ETD diagnosis | Key findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tolley 1990 [43] | CT (no details) |
4 (8) | CT only | 4 patients with visibly patulous tube on CT—only one had symptoms, 3 had microsomia |
| Yoshida 2003 [44] | CT (1. cone beam seated; 2. standard CT lying flat, MPR) |
2 (4) | Not stated | ET lumen long axis, short axis, cross-sectional area and total volume can be calculated Cartilaginous ET lumen larger in seated position when compared to supine |
| Yoshida 2004 [31] | CT (MPR) |
20 (31) Cases 25 (50) Controls |
Observed TM movement | Soft tissues visualised (poor views of Ostmann fat pad) 13/31 patulous ETs open throughout, 18/31 mostly open 0/50 controls open |
| Kikuchi 2009 [45] | CT (cone beam, 3D reconstruction) |
35 | Observed TM movement | Able to 3D reconstruct the patent lumen in most patients with patulous ETs |
| Yoshioka 2013 [46] | Cine CT (320-row area detector CT, reclining chair) |
2 (3) | Observed TM movement or TTAG | ET patent prior to sniffing manoeuvre ET closes from the narrowest point towards the nasopharyngeal end Soft tissues seen moving upwards during closure |
| Oonk 2014 [47] | CT (Supine, no other details) |
2 | Observed TM movement | ETs bilaterally widely open along the entire length |
TM tympanic membrane