Table 1.

Mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of the medicinal plants mentioned in this review article.

Herb	Inhibition of
	TNF-α	COX-2	iNOS	NF-κB	PGE2	NO	LOX	Complement	IFN-γ
Curcuma longa	✓	✓	✓				✓
Zingiber officinalis	✓	✓				✓	✓
Rosmarinus officinalis	✓							✓
Borago officinalis	✓				✓
Oenothera biennis	✓	✓				✓			✓
Harpagophytum procumbens	✓	✓	✓		✓
Boswellia serrata	✓				✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Rosa canina		✓			✓	✓	✓
Urtica dioica		✓		✓
Uncaria tomentosa	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Salvia officinalis					✓		✓
Ribes nigrum	✓	✓		✓	✓		✓
Persea americana				✓
Glycine max	✓	✓	✓		✓	✓			✓
Elaeagnus angustifolia	✓	✓
Vaccinium myrtillus	✓		✓
Olea europaea		✓	✓				✓

Note: other mechanisms may also exist but we could not cover all of them.