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. 2016 May 24;7:773. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00773

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Copyright © 2016 Richter-Heitmann, Eickhorst, Knauth, Friedrich and Schmidt.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Detached microbial cells enumerated in suspensions (#-D) after sonication treatments. T3: sonication probe (low intensity), T4: sonication probe (high intensity), T5: sonication bath (low intensity), T6: sonication bath (high intensity). All roots have previously been subjected to washing (T2) resulting in 5.23 × 10⁴ (±1.20 × 10⁴ SE) cells detached per root segment. Letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05); error bars: standard error (n = 3).