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. 2016 May 4;146(6):1241–1249. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.229054

TABLE 2.

Multiple ordinary least squares linear models: SES factor score predicting CES-D, HEI, and Adipcent across waves and moderation by sex and race among selected HANDLS participants (baseline age: 30–64 y; n = 1064)1

n v1 v2 Mean between visits Annual rate of change, Δ
CES-D
 White women 236 −2.04 ± 0.60* −3.39 ± 0.71* −2.72 ± 0.55* −0.26 ± 0.10*
 White men 159 −2.39 ± 0.65* −2.95 ± 1.02* −2.67 ± 0.80* −0.15 ± 0.10
 African American women 395 −1.57 ± 0.56* −2.64 ± 0.77* −2.11 ± 0.60* −0.19 ± 0.09*
 African American men 274 −1.54 ± 0.45* −2.21 ± 0.82* −1.88 ± 0.59* −0.12 ± 0.10
HEI
 White women 236 3.93 ± 0.97* 5.40 ± 0.70* 4.66 ± 0.63 0.08 ± 0.02*
 White men 159 2.43 ± 0.89* 4.49 ± 0.97* 3.46 ± 0.78* 0.08 ± 0.02*
 African American women 395 0.41 ± 0.67* 1.16 ± 0.782 0.79 ± 0.612 0.02 ± 0.022
 African American men 274 1.66 ± 0.91* 2.02 ± 0.82*,2 1.84 ± 0.69*,2 0.03 ± 0.02
Adipcent
 White women 236 −0.30 ± 0.06* −0.30 ± 0.07* −0.30 ± 0.06* 0.00 ± 0.00
 White men 159 −0.13 ± 0.072 −0.16 ± 0.10 −0.14 ± 0.082 −0.00 ± 0.01
 African American women 395 0.14 ± 0.072 0.07 ± 0.09 2 0.10 ± 0.082 −0.01 ± 0.00
 African American men 274 −0.00 ± 0.062 0.04 ± 0.08 2 0.02 ± 0.072 0.01 ± 0.00
1

Values are linear regression coefficients β ± SE. CA is measured with Adipcent, DQ is measured with HEI, and DS is measured with CES-D. *P < 0.05 for null hypothesis that β = 0 in the multiple linear regression model. All analyses accounted for sampling design complexity by including population weights. Each model is adjusted for v1 age, marital status (unmarried = 0 compared with married = 1), smoking (never = 0 compared with former = 1 or current = 2), and illicit drug use status (never = 0 compared with former = 1 or current = 2) and the inverse Mills ratio. Adipcent, central adiposity factor score derived from a principal components analysis of waist circumference and trunk fat (kg); CA, central adiposity; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression; DQ, dietary quality; DS, depressive symptoms; HANDLS, Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span; HEI, Healthy Eating Index; m, mean across visits; SES, socioeconomic status (z score derived from a principal components analysis of education in years and poverty status); v1, visit 1 or baseline; v2, visit 2 or follow-up.

2

P-interaction < 0.05 for null hypothesis of no difference by sex and race in the effect of SES on the outcome variable, based on a model with race × sex and SES × race × sex entered in addition to the main effects and the potential confounders. “White women” is the referent category being compared with all other sex and race groups.