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. 2016 Mar 28;5(6):392–403. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.03.004

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Immunization with the contents of the ileum increases T cell responses. Mice were injected s.c. with PBS or with the ileum contents from mice fed a HFD (treated). (A–E) 10 days later, draining (inguinal) LN cells were labeled with CFSE to assess T cell proliferation during stimulation with plate-bound anti-CD3/CD28 for 3 days. The percentage of CD4 (A) or CD8 (B) T cells in the population was determined at each round of division. (C–E) The functionality of T cells was measured by ex vivo stimulation of LN cells. The percentage of CD4 (C) and CD8 (D) T cells producing IFNγ, TNFα, IL17 in response to stimulation was determined. (E) The percentage of Foxp3+ Tregs among total lymphocytes in draining LNs. (A–E) Data are means ± SEM; n = 6 mice per group. (F–G) 35 days after immunization, the proportions of CD4 (F) and CD8 (G) T cells producing cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL17) were quantified following ex vivo stimulation of inguinal LN cells from mice injected with PBS or ileum contents (Treated) (n = 8 mice pooled per group, one experiment representative of two). (H) Concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM (ng/ml) in the plasma from mice injected with PBS or ileum contents as in parts (F) and (G). Data are means ± SEM; n = 6 mice per group. Data with similar superscript letters (a,b) indicate data non-statistically different between each other at a probability threshold p > 0.05.