Figure 1. Schematic of the optical phase conjugation-assisted scattering lens.
(a) Variable focusing with the OPC-assisted scattering lens. The scattering lens generates a focal spot at different focal distances by playing back the phase-conjugated version of the wavefront recorded at different focal distances z1, z2, and z3. (b) Lateral scanning of the focal spot. The focal spot can be laterally moved based on the short-range correlation (memory effect). In this case, a linear phase gradient is added to the recorded wavefront. The gradient amplitude determines the amount of displacement and the direction determines the direction of spot movement. (c) Arbitrary 3D patterning. Arbitrary 3D patterns, such as ‘C’ and ‘G’ at two different planes, can be created using a scattering lens by superposing multiple wavefronts that individually optimize the optical modes inside ‘C’ and G’.