Table 1.
Summary of key studies assessing post-traumatic stress after human-made disasters
| Prevalence
|
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Sample type | Sample size (n) | T1a | % | T2 | % | T3 | % |
| 1992 Los Angeles County civil disturbances (29 April 1992) | ||||||||
| Hanson et al. (1995)b | Community | n=1200 in LA County | 6–8 months | 4.1% | ||||
| 2001 Terrorist attacks, New York City and Washington, DC (11 September 2001) | ||||||||
| Galea et al. (2002)b | Community | n=988 in Manhattan | 5–8 weeks | 7.5% | ||||
| Schlenger et al. (2002)b | Community | n=2273 nationally | 1–2 months | 11.2% in NYC, 4.3% nationally | ||||
| Nandi et al. (2005)b | Community | n=2001 in NYC | 4 months | 7.4% | ||||
| Hoven et al. (2005)b | Community | n=8236 NYC students | 6 months | 10.6% | ||||
| Galea et al. (2004)b | Community | n=2616 in NYC metropolitan area | 6–9 months | 5.2% (non-Hispanics), 14.3% (Dominicans), 13.2% (Puerto Ricans), 6.1% (other Hispanics) | ||||
| Stuber et al. (2006)b | Community | n=2752 in NYC metropolitan area | 6–9 months | 6.5% (women), 5.4% (men) | ||||
| Silver et al. (2002)c | Community | n=933 nationally at 2 months, 787 nationally at 6 months | 2 months | 17.0% | 6 months | 5.8% | ||
| Galea et al. (2003)d | Community | n=988 in Manhattan at 1 month, 2001 in NYC at 4 months, 1570 in NYC at 6 months | 1 month | 7.5% | 4 months | 1.7% | 6 months | 0.6% |
| Adams & Boscarino (2005)b | Community | n=2368 in NYC | 1 year | 4% (Whites), 5.5% (African Americans), 5.3% (Dominicans), 8.4% (Puerto Ricans), 5% (other Latinos) | ||||
| Neria et al. (2006c)b | Mixed | n=930 NYC primary care patients | 7–16 months | 10.2% | ||||
| Miguel-Tobal et al. (2006)b | Community | n=1589 in Madrid | 1–3 months | 2.3% | ||||
a
Timing of assessment(s) after the disaster.
b
Cross-sectional study design.
c
Prospective cohort study design.
d
Serial cross-sectional study design.