Table 4.

Changes of plasma lipid profile, glucose level and leptin level between induction and treatment period in rats

Group		Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	Triglyceride (mg/dL)	HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	HTR (%)1	AI2	Glucose level (mg/dL)	Leptin level (ng/mL)
NC	Induction	53.61 ± 9.56Aa	46.94 ± 9.19Aa	40.02 ± 4.63Aa	75.48 ± 6.38Aa	0.33 ± 0.12Aa	121.62 ± 7.64Aa	3.59 ± 0.42Aa
	Treatment	57.57 ± 10.64Aa	59.56 ± 7.33Ba	40.70 ± 6.01Aa	71.77 ± 9.91Aa	0.35 ± 0.11Aa	130.18 ± 5.76Ba	3.65 ± 0.43Aa
PC	Induction	66.80 ± 7.48Ab	99.53 ± 12.67Ab	46.55 ± 8.75Aab	69.28 ± 6.56Aab	0.45 ± 0.14Aa	125.90 ± 12.61Aa	4.65 ± 0.62Ab
	Treatment	76.37 ± 7.95Bb	143.59 ± 20.60Bb	35.00 ± 7.10Ba	45.89 ± 8.79Bb	1.17 ± 0.39Bb	138.29 ± 10.93Bb	4.97 ± 0.75Ab
25 T	Induction	65.40 ± 9.79Ab	96.10 ± 14.90Ab	48.77 ± 9.75Ab	74.34 ± 7.17Aab	0.39 ± 0.16Aa	115.77 ± 14.41Aa	4.78 ± 0.55Ab
	Treatment	49.40 ± 5.47Ba	127.43 ± 7.20Bc	34.85 ± 3.06Ba	71.44 ± 11.42Aa	0.45 ± 0.15Aa	114.64 ± 4.30Ac	4.57 ± 0.35Ab
50 T	Induction	72.55 ± 11.55Ab	100.42 ± 9.68Ab	47.03 ± 5.41Aab	65.89 ± 10.79Ab	0.45 ± 0.18Aa	117.79 ± 8.88Aa	4.63 ± 0.51Ab
	Treatment	59.60 ± 12.70Ba	90.67 ± 11.99Ad	40.89 ± 9.74Aa	69.36 ± 14.19Aa	0.35 ± 0.18Aa	116.67 ± 2.68Ac	4.44 ± 0.60Ab
100 T	Induction	72.84 ± 6.51Ab	99.75 ± 11.08Ab	46.89 ± 5.12Aab	65.09 ± 10.72Ab	0.49 ± 0.19Aa	113.29 ± 11.49Aa	4.68 ± 1.02Ab
	Treatment	57.86 ± 9.19Ba	87.91 ± 11.78Ad	41.62 ± 10.03Aa	71.25 ± 9.59Aa	0.32 ± 0.07Aa	112.61 ± 4.41Ac	4.33 ± 0.73Ab

NC normal diet, PC high-fat diet, 25 T high-fat diet + 25 % GBR, 50 T high-fat diet + 50 % GBR, 100 T high-fat diet + 100 % GBR

¹HTR = (HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol) × 100

² AI atherogenic index = (total cholesterol - HDL-cholesterol)/HDL-cholesterol

Block letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) within the same group at different time intervals by Paired sample T-test, while lower case letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) between groups regarding the corresponding time interval by Duncan’s multiple range tests