Table 2.
Education and Behavioral Risk Factors for H. pylori infection
| Parameters | H. pylori test | Estimated risk | X2 P value | Correlation among H. pylori and risk factors | Correlation among H. pylori Cag A cytotoxin and risk factors | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H. pylori Positive | H. pylori Negative | Total No. (%) | Odd ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | ||||||||||
| Total positive | Cag A cytotoxin positive | Cag A cytotoxin negative | r | P value | r | P value | ||||||||
| Education level | Illiteracy | 29 (27.36%) | 20 (18.87%) | 9 (8.49%) | 5 (4.72%) | 34 (32.1%) | 5.36 | 0.0959 - 300.0519 | 0.16 | -0.225* | 0.020 | -0.331 | 0.001 | |
| Primary | 16 (15.09%) | 13 (12.26%) | 3 (2.83%) | 2 (1.89%) | 18 (17.0%) | 3 | 0.150-59.890 | |||||||
| Secondary | 19 (17.92%) | 10 (9.43%) | 9 (8.49%) | 10 (9.43%) | 29 (27.4%) | 0.42 | 0.040-4.334 | |||||||
| University | 16 (15.09%) | 5 (4.72%) | 11 (10.38%) | 9 (8.49%) | 25 (23.6%) | 1.24 | 0.166-9.253 | |||||||
| Smoking | Nonsmoker | 50 (47.17%) | 31 (29.2%) | 19 (17.92%) | 17 (16.04%) | 67 (63.2%) | 0.39 | 0.112-1.73 | 0.000 | -0.030 | 0.764 | -0.077 | 0.436 | |
| Mild smoker | 22 (20.75%) | 14 (13.21%) | 8 (7.55%) | 5 (4.72%) | 27 (25.5%) | 18 | 1.562-207 | |||||||
| Moderate smoker | 7 (6.60%) | 2 (1.88%) | 5 (4.72%) | 3 (2.83%) | 10 (9.4%) | 1.4 | 0.876-2.237 | |||||||
| Heavy smoker | 1 (0.94%) | 1 (0.94%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.94%) | 2 (1.9%) | 1 | 0.0108 - 92.4276 | |||||||
| Animal contact | Positive | 25 (23.58%) | 22 (20.75%) | 3 (2.83%) | 6 (5.66%) | 31 (29.2%) | 1.52 | 0.542-4.23 | 0.000 | 0.077 | 0.431 | 0.332 | 0.001 | |
| Negative | 55 (51.89%) | 26 (24.53%) | 29 (27.4%) | 20 (18.87%) | 75 (70.8%) | |||||||||
| Drugs | PPI | Negative | 71 (66.98%) | 40 (37.74%) | 31 (29.2%) | 23 (21.70%) | 94 (88.7%) | 1.02 | 0.242-3.897 | 0.000 | -0.004 | 0.968 | 0.153 | 0.116 |
| Positive | 9 (8.49%) | 8 (7.55%) | 1 (0.94%) | 3 (2.83%) | 12 (11.3%) | |||||||||
| NSAID | Negative | 62 (58.49%) | 34 (32.1%) | 28 (26.42%) | 24 (22.64%) | 86 (81.1%) | 3.48 | 0.751-16.169 | 0.000 | 0.163 | 0.095 | 0.239 | 0.01 | |
| Positive | 18 (16.98%) | 14 (13.21%) | 4 (3.77%) | 2 (1.89%) | 20 (18.9%) | |||||||||
| Alcohol | Negative | 79 (74.52%) | 57 (53.77%) | 22 (20.75%) | 26 (24.53%) | 105 (99.1%) | 0.75 | 0.674-0.840 | 0.000 | 0.056 | 0.056 | -0.089 | 0.365 | |
| Positive | 1 (0.94%) | 1 (0.94%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.9%) | |||||||||
| Water source | Spigot water | 74 (69.81%) | 43 (40.57%) | 31 (29.2%) | 22 (20.75%) | 96 (90.6%) | 0.45 | 0.115-1.72 | 0.000 | -0.116 | 0.236 | 0.031 | 0.756 | |
| Filtrated water | 6 (5.66%) | 5 (4.72%) | 1 (0.94%) | 4 (3.77%) | 10 (9.4%) | |||||||||
*
Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed); ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).