Table 4.
Prenatal and delivery characteristics by group and period
| Characteristic | Pre-trial period | Trial period | Crude Estimate of Change in Prevalence as a Percentagea | Crude Estimate of Difference in Change in Prevalencea | Adjusted Estimate of Difference in Change in Prevalence (95 % CI), p-valueb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | |||
| Deliveries, N | 2,041 | 2,305 | 3,766 | 3,960 | ||||
| At least one antenatal care visit, (%) | 98.7 | 97.3 | 99.2 | 99.2 | 0.5 | 1.9 | −1.4 | −1.72 (−4.00, 0.55), p = 0.1379 |
| Prenatal vitamins/iron, (%) | 85.9 | 89.7 | 93.7 | 91.4 | 7.8 | 1.7 | 6.1 | 6.46 (2.02, 10.89), p = 0.0043 |
| Birth attendant, (%) | 26.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 7.56 (−3.09, 18.20), p = 0.1643 |
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| Physician | 26.0 | 32.3 | 50.6 | 45.1 | ||||
| Nurse/Midwife/HW | 1.7 | 0.2 | 3.1 | 0.5 | ||||
| TBA | 72.1 | 67.1 | 45.7 | 53.9 | ||||
| Family/Other | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | ||||
| Delivery mode, (%) | −11.1 | −7.1 | −4.0 | −2.21 (−8.17, 3.76), p = 0.4689 |
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| Vaginal | 87.9 | 87.5 | 76.8 | 80.4 | ||||
| C-section | 12.1 | 12.5 | 23.2 | 19.6 | ||||
| BA used new gloves, (%) | 98.5 | 97.6 | 99.3 | 99.0 | 0.8 | 1.4 | −0.6 | −0.53 (−2.02, 0.97), p = 0.4894 |
aCrude change in prevalence = percentage during the trial period minus percentage during the pretrial period
bTest to assess whether the change between the pretrial and trial periods differed by treatment group. P-values calculated from generalized linear models accounting for the cluster-level variance and adjusted for randomization strata