Table 1.
Pharmacokinetic features of quinolones
| Quinolone agents | Protein binding (%) | Urinary fraction (%) | Bioavailability (%) | Cmax
(mg/L) |
t1/2
(h) |
Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ciprofloxacin | 20–40 | 40–50 | 70 | 4.3 | 4 | [6] |
| Levofloxacin | 24–38 | 87 | 99 | 6.2 | 6–7 | [6] |
| Sparfloxacin | 45 | 10 | 92 | 1.1 | 20 | [6] |
| Trovafloxacin | 76 | 6 | 88 | 2.1 | 9.6 | [6] |
| Moxifloxacin | 50 | 20 | 90 | 4.5 | 12 | [6] |
| Gatifloxacin | 20 | 72 | 96 | 3.8 | 7.8 | [6] |
| Avarofloxacin | 65 | 12 | 65 | 2 | 14 | [12] |
| Delafloxacin | 16 | n.a. | n.a. | 10 | 12 | [39] |
| Finafloxacin | n.a. | 33 | n.a. | 11 | 10 | [19] |
| Zabofloxacin | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 2 | 8 | [27] |
| Nemonoxacin | 16 | n.a. | n.a. | 5 | 15 | [40] |
Ref reference number
Urinary fraction urinary fraction excreted unbound
C max peak serum concentration
t 1/2 half-life time
n.a. not available