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Biosynthesis of melatonin. The red arrows identify the preferred pathway in plants while the black arrows identify the major pathway in animals. TDC, tryptophan decarboxylase; T5H, tryptophan 5-hydroxylase; SNAT, serotonin N-acetyltransferase; HIOMT, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase [also known as acetyl serotonin methyl transferase (ASMT)]. Modified from Arnao and Hernandez-Ruiz (2014).
