The protein expressions of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species in urinary bladder and kidney parenchyma by day 5 after sepsis induction. Upper panel (protein expressions in the bladder): (A): Protein expression of mitochondrial Bax. ∗, p < .001 vs. other groups with different symbols (∗, †, ‡, §, ¶). (B–D): Protein expressions of c-Casp 1, 2, and 3. ∗, p < .001 vs. other groups with different symbols (∗, †, ‡, §, ¶). (E): Protein expression of c-PARP. ∗, p < .001 vs. other groups with different symbols (∗, †, ‡, §, ¶). (F): Protein expression of PAK2. ∗, p < .001 vs. other groups with different symbols (∗, †, ‡, §, ¶). (G): Protein expression of NOX-1. ∗, p < .001 vs. other groups with different symbols (∗, †, ‡, §, ¶). (H): Protein expression of NOX-2. ∗, p < .001 vs. other groups with different symbols (∗, †, ‡, §, ¶). Lower panel (protein expressions in kidney parenchyma): (I): Protein expression of mitochondrial Bax. ∗, p < .001 vs. other groups with different symbols (∗, †, ‡, §, ¶). (J–L): Protein expressions of c-Casp 1, 2, and 3. ∗, p < .0001 vs. other groups with different symbols (∗, †, ‡, §, ¶). (M): Protein expression of c-PARP, ∗, p < .0001 vs. other groups with different symbols (∗, †, ‡, §, ¶). (N): Protein expression of PAK2. ∗, p < .0001 vs. other groups with different symbols (∗, †, ‡, §, ¶). (O): Protein expression of NOX-1. ∗, p < .0001 vs. other groups with different symbols (∗, †, ‡, §, ¶). (P): Protein expression of NOX-2. ∗, p < .0001 vs. other groups with different symbols (∗, †, ‡, §, ¶). All statistical analyses were performed by one-way analysis of variance, followed by Bonferroni multiple-comparison post hoc test. Symbols (∗, †, ‡, §, ¶) indicate significance (at the .05 level). ADMSC, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell; c-Casp, cleaved caspases; c-PAK2, cleaved p21 activated kinase 2; c-PARP, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; Cipro, ciprofloxacin; COX IV, cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV; NOX, NADPH oxidase; SC, sham control; SS, sepsis syndrome. The error bars are defined as standard error of the mean.