Table 2.

Gender and education level differences in Brief Symptom Inventory-18 raw scale scores.

BSI-18 Scale	Group	M	SD	χ2	p	η2	Post Hoc Comparisons (r)
SOM	1. High school females	1.9	2.3	107.6	<.001	.053	1>4 (.22); 2>4 (.21); 3>4 (.24)
	2. High school males	1.6	2.0
	3. College females	1.7	2.3
	4. College males	.9	1.5
DEP	1. High school females	1.8	2.2	67.2	<.001	.033	1>2 (.14); 1>3 (.26); 1>4 (.21); 2>3 (.10); 2>4 (.11)
	2. High school males	1.4	2.2
	3. College females	.9	1.6
	4. College males	1.0	1.7
ANX	1. High school females	2.2	2.2	71.9	<.001	.035	1>2(.19); 1>3 (.16); 1>4 (.23); 2>4 (.08); 3>4 (.09)
	2. High school males	1.4	2.1
	3. College females	1.6	1.9
	4. College males	1.1	1.6
GSI	1. High school females	5.9	5.4	108.6	<.001	.053	1>2 (.16); 1>3 (.19); 1>4 (.27); 2>4 (.16); 3>4 (.18)
	2. High school males	4.4	5.1
	3. College females	4.1	4.6
	4. College males	3.0	3.8

Note: Kruskal–Wallis omnibus tests were used to compare groups. Mann–Whitney tests were computed to determine significant post hoc comparisons, and multiple comparisons were controlled by Bonferroni correction. Effect sizes for post hoc comparisons are presented as Pearson's r values. ANX = Anxiety; BSI-18 = Brief Symptom Inventory-18; DEP = Depression; GSI = Global Severity Index; and SOM = Somatization. Sample size for each group is as follows: High School females: n = 255; High School males: n = 567; College females: n = 214; and College males: n = 955.