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. 2016 Apr 25;13(6):5037–5044. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5180

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Copyright: © Yang et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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TUNEL staining of apoptotic nuclei. (A) Nuclei of TUNEL-positive cells were stained brown-yellow (solid arrow) and those of normal cells were stained blue. (B) Ratios of apoptotic nuclei to myocardial tissue. mRNA expression levels of (C) CHOP, (D) JNK and (E) caspase-12 ER stress markers at different time points is shown. (F and G) Protein expression levels of caspase-12. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. ^*P<0.05 vs. the DM group at the same time point;^**P<0.01, DM group vs. the control at 1, 4, 5 and 7 months; ^aP<0.05, DM group vs. the control group between each month; ^bP<0.05, 1 month vs. the DM group at 4, 5 and 7 months. DM, diabetes mellitus; CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein; JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling.