FIGURE 3.

Comparison of in vivo and in vitro misreading error frequency. In vivo data (black stars) from the Farabaugh laboratory (Manickam et al. 2014) are based on induction of bioluminescence by mistranslation by tRNA^Glu ternary complex from E. coli strains with β-galactosidase mutants. In vitro measurements (red squares) were performed at 2.3 mM free Mg²⁺ and calibrated to in vivo condition according to the abundance of the two competing tRNA species in vivo (Dong et al. 1996) (see Materials and Methods) and assuming different ternary complexes as well as release factors have similar efficiencies for binding to ribosomes in the living cell. Mismatch codon positions are underlined.