Table 1.
No Safety Citationsa | Environmental Safety Citationsb | Care Safety Citationsc | All K-Tag Citationsd | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Mean (or %) |
Standard Deviation |
Mean (or %) |
Standard Deviation |
Mean Mean |
Standard Standard |
Mean Mean |
Standard Standard |
Internal Factors of Interest | ||||||||
NA staffing (FTEs per resident) | 0.31 | 0.14 | 0.32 | 0.13 | 0.33 | 0.13 | 0.33 | 0.13 |
LPN staffing (FTEs per resident) | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.08* | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.09 |
RN staffing (FTEs per resident) | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.08* | 0.06 | 0.08* | 0.07 | 0.10 |
Other Internal Factors: | ||||||||
Resident case-mix (ADL score) | 0.26 | 0.12 | 0.26 | 0.12 | 0.27 | 0.12 | 0.26 | 0.12 |
Restraint use | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.12 |
Psychiatric condition | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.17* | 0.17 | 0.16* | 0.16 | 0.16 |
Mental retardation | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.06 |
Dementia | 0.43 | 0.20 | 0.43 | 0.19 | 0.42 | 0.19 | 0.43 | 0.20 |
Organizational Factors of Interest: | ||||||||
Quality of care deficiency citations | 1.55 | 1.70 | 2.77 | 2.23* | 2.88 | 2.42* | 1.85 | 2.00* |
J, K, or L deficiency citations | 0.04 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.53* | 0.12 | 0.68* | 0.04 | 0.38 |
Medicaid resident occupancy | 62% | 26 | 67%* | 26 | 68% | 23* | 64% | 26* |
Other Organizational Factors: | ||||||||
Size (number of beds) | 102 | 73 | 114 | 73* | 115 | 64* | 116 | 77* |
For-profit ownership | 64% | – | 71% | –* | 75% | –* | 67% | –* |
Chain member | 56% | – | 60% | –* | 62%* | –* | 56% | – |
Occupancy rate | 83% | 17 | 82% | 16 | 83% | 15 | 83% | 16 |
External Factors of Interest | ||||||||
Medicaid reimbursement rate ($) | 132 | 31 | 125 | 27* | 127 | 29* | 130 | 29* |
Other External Factors | ||||||||
Competition (Herfindahl Index) | 2253 | 2379 | 2076 | 2374* | 1975 | 2309* | 1917 | 2346* |
Elderly in county (# per square mile) | 125 | 369 | 117 | 316* | 114 | 339* | 157 | 437* |
Per capita income ($) | 26856 | 7709 | 27123 | 7531* | 26856 | 7485 | 27674 | 7887* |
For details on Deficiency Citations included in Environmental Safety Issues, Care Safety Issues, and Quality of Care see Appendix 1.
Quality of care deficiency citations = F-tag 309 = Facility must provide the necessary care and services for each resident to attain or maintain
All K-Tags = All Life Safety Code (LSC) K-tags
N = 7,943 facilities (based on 2000 data);
N = 4,385 facilities (based on 2000 data);
N = 5,537 facilities (based on 2000 data);
N = 7,069 facilities (based on 2000 data)
FTE = full-time equivalent, LTC = long-term care, ADL = activities of daily living, RN = Registered Nurse, LPN = Licensed Practical Nurse; NA = Nurse aide
Difference between receiving deficiency citation and not significant at p<0.01.
Note, the figures presented are for the baseline 2000 data. The baseline figures are presented for parsimony.