Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics of Nursing Homes Receiving and Not Receiving Deficiency Citations for Resident Safety

	No Safety Citationsa		Environmental Safety Citationsb		Care Safety Citationsc		All K-Tag Citationsd
Variables	Mean (or %)	Standard Deviation	Mean (or %)	Standard Deviation	Mean Mean	Standard Standard	Mean Mean	Standard Standard
Internal Factors of Interest
NA staffing (FTEs per resident)	0.31	0.14	0.32	0.13	0.33	0.13	0.33	0.13
LPN staffing (FTEs per resident)	0.12	0.09	0.12	0.08*	0.12	0.08	0.12	0.09
RN staffing (FTEs per resident)	0.07	0.11	0.06	0.08*	0.06	0.08*	0.07	0.10
Other Internal Factors:
Resident case-mix (ADL score)	0.26	0.12	0.26	0.12	0.27	0.12	0.26	0.12
Restraint use	0.10	0.11	0.11	0.12	0.12	0.13	0.10	0.12
Psychiatric condition	0.15	0.16	0.17	0.17*	0.17	0.16*	0.16	0.16
Mental retardation	0.03	0.06	0.03	0.06	0.03	0.05	0.03	0.06
Dementia	0.43	0.20	0.43	0.19	0.42	0.19	0.43	0.20
Organizational Factors of Interest:
Quality of care deficiency citations	1.55	1.70	2.77	2.23*	2.88	2.42*	1.85	2.00*
J, K, or L deficiency citations	0.04	0.23	0.08	0.53*	0.12	0.68*	0.04	0.38
Medicaid resident occupancy	62%	26	67%*	26	68%	23*	64%	26*
Other Organizational Factors:
Size (number of beds)	102	73	114	73*	115	64*	116	77*
For-profit ownership	64%	–	71%	–*	75%	–*	67%	–*
Chain member	56%	–	60%	–*	62%*	–*	56%	–
Occupancy rate	83%	17	82%	16	83%	15	83%	16
External Factors of Interest
Medicaid reimbursement rate ($)	132	31	125	27*	127	29*	130	29*
Other External Factors
Competition (Herfindahl Index)	2253	2379	2076	2374*	1975	2309*	1917	2346*
Elderly in county (# per square mile)	125	369	117	316*	114	339*	157	437*
Per capita income ($)	26856	7709	27123	7531*	26856	7485	27674	7887*

For details on Deficiency Citations included in Environmental Safety Issues, Care Safety Issues, and Quality of Care see Appendix 1.

Quality of care deficiency citations = F-tag 309 = Facility must provide the necessary care and services for each resident to attain or maintain

All K-Tags = All Life Safety Code (LSC) K-tags

^aN = 7,943 facilities (based on 2000 data);

^bN = 4,385 facilities (based on 2000 data);

^cN = 5,537 facilities (based on 2000 data);

^dN = 7,069 facilities (based on 2000 data)

FTE = full-time equivalent, LTC = long-term care, ADL = activities of daily living, RN = Registered Nurse, LPN = Licensed Practical Nurse; NA = Nurse aide

^*Difference between receiving deficiency citation and not significant at p<0.01.

Note, the figures presented are for the baseline 2000 data. The baseline figures are presented for parsimony.