Table 2.
Effects of Maternal Helminth Infections on Vaccine Antibody Titers
| Antigen | Fold Change (95% CI) |
P Values |
Adjusted Fold Change (95% CI) |
P Values |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2-Sided | Adjusted for Helminth Detection in Child at Age 13 mo | Corrected by Holm Method | Adjusted | Adjusted for Helminth Detection in Child at Age 13 mo | Corrected by Holm Method | |||
| Primary end point | ||||||||
| Rotavirus | 1.31 (1.14–1.5) | .0002 | .0041 | .0003 | 1.21 (1.05–1.4) | .0104 | .0505 | .0147 |
| OPV1 | 1.25 (1.12–1.4) | .0001 | .0045 | .0002 | 1.18 (1.06–1.33) | .0036 | .1667 | .0108 |
| OPV3 | 1.19 (1.08–1.31) | .0003 | .1577 | .0003 | 1.15 (1.04–1.27) | .0073 | .7717 | .0147 |
| Secondary end point | ||||||||
| Diphtheria toxoid | 0.88 (.77–1) | .0527 | .1215 | .2108 | 0.87 (.76–1) | .0447 | .2510 | .2679 |
| Tetanus toxoid | 0.87 (.77–.99) | .0298 | .0040 | .1489 | 0.90 (.79–1.03) | .1158 | .0028 | .5792 |
| B. pertussis | 0.9 (.75–1.08) | .2755 | .0015 | .8264 | 1.05 (.86–1.27) | .6440 | .0036 | 1.0000 |
| Measles virus | 0.72 (.58–.88) | .0015 | .3800 | .0092 | 0.99 (.82–1.18) | .8756 | .6585 | 1.0000 |
| Rubella virus | 0.96 (.87–1.05) | .3689 | .5774 | .8264 | 1.04 (.96–1.14) | .3280 | .5786 | 1.0000 |
| Hib | 0.91 (.77–1.08) | .2865 | .0483 | .8264 | 0.92 (.77–1.09) | .3346 | .0198 | 1.0000 |
Table shows fold changes representing ratios of geometric mean antibody titers for infants of infected mothers, compared with uninfected mothers. A generalized additive model was adjusted for calendar time, sex, child's age, helminth infection status at the 13-month evaluation, socioeconomic status, mother's antiparasite treatment, mother's education level, mother's ethnicity, urban versus rural residence, and overcrowding of home. In addition, for the tetanus toxoid response only, adjustments were made for the number of doses of tetanus toxoid received by the mother during pregnancy. The Holm method was used to adjust for multiple comparisons separately for primary and secondary end points.
Abbreviations: B. pertussis, Bordetella pertussis; CI, confidence interval; Hib, Haemophilus influenzae b; OPV1, poliovirus serotype 1 component of oral polio vaccine; OPV3, poliovirus serotype 3 component of oral polio vaccine.