Table 1.
Maternal characteristics among women with one or more births during CARDIA follow up, by post-baseline preterm birth statusa
| Term (n=910) | Preterm (n=295) | p-valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at baseline, yearsc | 24 (21–27) | 23 (20–26) | 0.032 |
| Black race (n, %) | 402 (44.2%) | 195 (66.1%) | <.001 |
| High school education or less (n, %) | 290 (31.9%) | 140 (47.4%) | <.001 |
| Parous at baseline (n, %) | 273 (30.0%) | 106 (35.9%) | 0.062 |
| Baseline BMI, kg/m2 | 22.3 ± 4.3 | 22.6 ± 4.1 | 0.403 |
| Smoking at baseline (n, %) | 220 (24.3%) | 79 (26.8%) | 0.615 |
| Physical Activity scored | 359 ± 257 | 320 ± 246 | 0.022 |
| Post-Baseline Birthsc | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.116 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | |||
| During pregnancy (ever) | 91 (10.0%) | 46 (15.6%) | 0.009 |
| Before index pregnancy | 20 (2.2%) | 6 (2.0%) | 0.866 |
| After index pregnancy | 270 (29.7%) | 120 (40.7%) | <.001 |
| Gestational diabetes (n, %) | 100 (11.0%) | 34 (11.5%) | 0.799 |
| Age at first delivery, years | 30.2 ± 4.7 | 28.7 ± 5.1 | <.001 |
| Years from baseline to first delivery | 6.4 ± 4.1 | 5.4 ± 4.2 | <.001 |
| Years from last birth to last CARDIA visit | 14.0 ± 6.7 | 15.0 ± 6.9 | 0.021 |
| Metabolic syndrome components (Measured at baseline before index pregnancies) | |||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 71.8 ± 9.5 | 72.1 ± 9.7 | 0.718 |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | |||
| Systolic | 105.0 ± 8.9 | 106.0 ± 8.7 | 0.071 |
| Diastolic | 65.6 ± 8.5 | 65.5 ± 8.6 | 0.917 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl)e | 65.2 ± 30.3 | 60.9 ± 30.0 | 0.032 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) e | 55.8 ± 12.2 | 57.2 ± 13.6 | 0.115 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) e | 79.1 ± 7.5 | 79.4 ± 7.8 | 0.554 |
| HOMA-IR at baseline e | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 2.2 ± 1.4 | 0.346 |
a
Continuous variables displayed as mean ± SD; categorical variables shown as n (%)
b
P-value from t-test (continuous) or chi squared (categorical)
c
Median, and interquartile range
d
Physical activity score increases with frequency and intensity of performance
e
Measured in samples collected after ≥ 8 hours fasting