Table 3.
Psychosocial characteristics of patients hospitalized with an acute coronary syndrome according to number of chronic conditions: TRACE-CORE
| Psychosocial Factors | 0–1 morbidity (n=472) |
2–3 morbidities (n=902) |
≥4 morbidities (n=800) |
P value (*across 3 categories) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol consumption* (%) | ||||
| Moderate | 63 (13.4) | 126 (14.0) | 66 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| Heavy | 68 (14.4) | 89 (9.9) | 51 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| Anxiety (GAD-7)** (%) | ||||
| Mild | 112 (23.7) | 243 (26.9) | 194 (24.2) | 0.20 |
| Moderate/severe | 81 (17.2) | 204 (22.6) | 236 (29.5) | <0.001 |
| Cognitively impaired + (%) | 57 (12.1) | 168 (18.6) | 210 (26.3) | <0.001 |
| Depression (PHQ-9)++ (%) | ||||
| Mild | 94 (20.2) | 253 (28.8) | 219 (28.2) | <0.001 |
| Moderate/severe | 71 (15.1) | 170 (18.9) | 247 (30.9) | <0.001 |
| Low health literacy @ (%), | 147 (31.1) | 306 (34.0) | 331 (41.7) | <0.001 |
| Low health numeracy @@(%) | 198 (42.0) | 422 (46.8) | 433 (54.1) | 0.001 |
| SF-36 mental component, mean (SD) | 50.2 (11.2) | 47.8 (12.3) | 45.4 (13.6) | 0.001 |
| SF-36 physical component, mean (SD) | 46.5 (9.7) | 42.6 (10.2) | 36.4 (10.4) | 0.18 |
| Smoking, current (%) | 151 (32.0) | 190 (21.1) | 166 (20.8) | <0.001 |
| Social Network, Limited &(%) | 72 (15.4) | 127 (14.3) | 170 (21.6) | 0.002 |
| High perceived stress&& (%) | 149 (31.9) | 335 (37.8) | 372 (47.7) | <0.001 |
Moderate alcohol consumption was defined as up to 1 drink per day for women and up to 2 drinks per day for men. Heavy alcohol consumption was defined as drinking 5 or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days.
Anxiety assessed by GAD-7 scoring: 5–9 mild, 10–14 moderate, and ≥15 severe anxiety
Cognitive capacity assessed by the TICS scoring : ≤28 impaired
Depression assessed by the PHQ-9 scoring: 5–9 mild,10–14 moderate, 15–19 moderately severe, and ≥ 20 severe depression
Low Health Literacy was determined by confidence in filling out medical forms answered as “somewhat/a little bit/ not at all”.
Low Health Numeracy was determined by ability to answer both questions on health numeracy correctly.
Social network assessed by the Lubben scale scoring : <=25 limited network
High perceived stress assessed by Perceived Stress Scale scoring: ≥20 high stress