Table 3.

Examples of bioprinted tissues and organs

Tissue	Cell sources	Materials	Printing method	Reference
Vessel	Smooth muscle cells	Carbon nanotube encapsulated alginate	Extrusion	(Dolati et al. 2014)
	Smooth muscle cells and aortic valve leaflet interstitial cells	Gelatin and alginate	Extrusion	(Duan et al. 2013)
	Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)	PEG-DA, Matrigel, fibrin gel, alginate, agarose, and GelMA	Extrusion	(Miller et al. 2012; Kolesky et al. 2014)
	Rat heart endothelial cells	Alginate	Extrusion	(Khalil and Sun 2009)
	Ea.hy926 endothelial cells	Nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA)	Laser-assisted	(Catros et al. 2011b)
	Fibroblasts (L929), mouse endothelial cells and human mesenchymal stem cells	Acrylated hyaluronic acid-PEG (HA-PEG), and Matrigel	Inkjet	(Hong et al. 2013)
	HUVEC	GelMA	Stereolithography	(Gauvin et al. 2012)
Bone	Mouse osteoblastic cells	n-HA	Inkjet	(Keriquel et al. 2010)
	MG-63 cells	Alginate	Extrusion	(Loozen et al. 2013)
	Human osteoprogenitor cells	n-HA	Laser-assisted	(Catros et al. 2011a)
Cartilage	Patient’s cartilage	poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates (PEGDMA)	Inkjet	(Cui et al. 2012a)
	Minced cartilage cells	Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), and fibrin-collagen hydrogels	Inkjet	(Xu et al. 2013)
	Equine chondrocytes and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)	PCL, GelMA, and GelMA-gellan hydrogels	Extrusion	(Visser et al. 2013)
	Human meniscus cells	GelMA	Stereolithography	(Grogan et al. 2013)
Skin	NIH3T3 fibroblast, HaCaT keratinocytes	Collagen	Laser-assisted	(Michael et al. 2013)
Neuronal tissue	Mouse bone marrow stem cells	Collagen, and agarose	Extrusion	(Owens et al. 2013)
	Embryonic stem cells	N/A	Inkjet	(Xu et al. 2011)
Skeletal muscle	C2C12 mouse myoblasts	Polyurethane (PU), and PCL	Extrusion	(Merceron et al. 2015)
	C2C12 mouse myoblasts	Alginate, and gelatin	Extrusion	(Zhang et al. 2013)
Tumor	Hela cells	Gelatin-alginate- fibrinogen hydrogel	Extrusion	(Zhao et al. 2014)
Adipose tissue	Adipose derived stem cells	Alginate	Laser-assisted	(Gruene et al. 2011a)