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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 14.
Published in final edited form as: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015 Nov 24;1371(1):45–54. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12953

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Overview of the lysosomal–autophagy pathway. TFEB regulates both autophagy and lysosome biogenesis.51 After LMP, cathepsin initiates both caspase-dependent and -independent lysosomal cell death, as well as necroptosis.44 The lysosome is the final destination of the lysosomal–autophagy pathway, and drugs targeting the lysosome in cancer not only disable all pathways of autophagy but also block both apoptotic and lysosomal cell death.42 Abbreviations: M6pR, mannose 6-phosphate receptor; PLA2, phospholipases A2; ROS, reactive oxygen species; LMP, lysosomal membrane permeabilization; HSP70, heat shock protein 70; CMA, chaperone-mediated autophagy; TFEB, transcription factor EB; PES, 2-phenylethynesulfonamide; LMP-1 and LMP-2, lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 and -2; ASM, acid sphingomyelinase; CAD, cationic amphiphilic drug.