Table 3.

Hierarchical Linear Regression Results: Risk Factors for Number of Cigarettes Smoked and Number of Alcoholic Drinks Consumed in the Past Month

	Step					Final Model
Risk Factor	b	SE	95% CI	β	t	b	SE	95% CI	β	t
	Regression A: Number of Cigarettes Smoked in the Past Month (n = 1327)
Step 1: F(5, 1321) = 7.97, p < .0001, R2 = .03
Gender	1.10	2.10	[−3.01, 5.21]	0.01	0.53	0.28	2.10	[−3.84, 4.39]	0.004	0.13
Age	3.24	0.60	[2.06, 4.43]	0.15***	5.38	2.82	0.60	[1.65, 3.99]	0.13***	4.71
African-American	−3.92	2.42	[−8.66, 0.82]	−0.05	−1.62	−7.47	2.62	[−12.60, −2.34]	−0.09**	−2.86
Other race	15.20	5.69	[4.04, 26.37]	0.07**	2.67	14.29	5.63	[3.24, 25.34]	0.07*	2.54
Hispanic	2.60	6.38	[−9.92, 15.12]	0.01	0.41	−0.40	6.28	[−12.72, 11.92]	−0.002	−0.06
Step 2: F change(3, 1318) = 9.40, p < .0001, R2 change = .02
Parent distress	0.17	0.23	[−0.28, 0.63]	0.02	0.76	−0.07	0.24	[−0.55, 0.41]	−0.01	−0.29
Fam history of subs	13.08	2.85	[7.49, 18.66]	0.13***	4.59	10.22	2.90	[4.53, 15.91]	0.10***	3.52
Income	−0.95	0.61	[−2.15, 0.26]	−0.05	−1.55	−0.66	0.61	[−1.86, 0.54]	−0.03	−1.08
Step 3: F change(2, 1316) = 14.14, p < .0001, R2 change = .02
Prior natural disaster	−6.18	2.77	[−11.61, −0.75]	−0.07*	−2.23	−5.60	2.79	[−11.08, −0.13]	−0.07*	−2.01
Prior trauma exposure	6.18	1.17	[3.88, 8.49]	0.18***	5.27	6.13	1.21	[3.76, 8.51]	0.17***	5.07
Step 4: F change(8, 1308) = 1.26, p = .26, R2 change = .007
Time since tornado						−0.88	0.42	[−1.70, −0.06]	−0.06*	−2.10
Parent present						−2.04	3.43	[−8.78, 4.69]	−0.02	−0.60
Parent injured						−4.02	6.43	[−16.62, 8.58]	−0.02	−0.63
Concerned for others						−1.06	2.39	[−5.75, 3.63]	−0.01	−0.44
Displacement > 1 week						1.56	4.44	[−7.14, 10.27]	0.01	0.35
Property damage						0.07	0.78	[−1.45, 1.59]	0.003	0.09
Loss of services						2.27	1.42	[−0.52, 5.06]	0.05	1.60
PTSD since tornado						−0.77	4.22	[−9.05, 7.52]	−0.01	−0.18
	Regression B: Number of Alcoholic Drinks Consumed in the Past Month (n = 1494)
Step 1: F(5, 1488) = 4.92, p < .0001, R2 = .02
Gender	0.09	0.21	[−0.33, 0.51]	0.01	0.41	0.05	0.22	[−0.37, 0.48]	0.01	0.25
Age	0.29	0.06	[0.17, 0.41]	0.12***	4.71	0.24	0.06	[0.12, 0.36]	0.10***	3.95
African-American	−0.27	0.25	[−0.76, 0.22]	−0.03	−1.09	−0.55	0.27	[−1.07, −0.02]	−0.06*	−2.04
Other race/ethnicity	0.45	0.56	[−0.66, 1.56]	0.02	0.80	0.29	0.56	[−0.82, 1.39]	0.01	0.51
Hispanic	−0.25	0.65	[−1.52, 1.02]	−0.01	−0.38	−0.42	0.64	[−1.68, 0.83]	−0.02	−0.66
Step 2: F change(3, 1485) = 6.29, p < .0001, R2 change = .01
Parent distress	0.01	0.02	[−0.03, 0.06]	0.02	0.55	0.004	0.03	[−0.05, 0.05]	0.004	0.15
Fam history of subs	1.11	0.28	[0.57, 1.65]	0.11***	4.03	0.77	0.28	[0.22, 1.33]	0.07**	2.73
Income	−0.04	0.06	[−0.16, 0.09]	−0.02	−0.60	−0.01	0.06	[−0.13, 0.12]	−0.003	−0.12
Step 3: F change(2, 1483) = 7.11, p = .001, R2 change = .01
Prior natural disaster	−0.57	0.28	[−1.12, −0.01]	−0.06***	−2.01	−0.55	0.28	[−1.10, 0.01]	−0.06+	−1.93
Prior trauma exposure	0.44	0.12	[0.21, 0.66]	0.12***	3.77	0.37	0.12	[0.13, 0.60]	0.10**	3.06
Step 4: F change(8, 1475) = 2.58, p = .01, R2 change = .01
Time since tornado						−0.05	0.04	[−0.13, 0.04]	−0.03	−1.16
Parent present						−0.45	0.36	[−1.16, 0.27]	−0.03	−1.23
Parent injured						−0.30	0.65	[−1.57, 0.98]	−0.01	−0.46
Concerned for others						−0.32	0.25	[−0.80, 0.17]	−0.03	−1.27
Displacement > 1 week						0.01	0.46	[−0.88, 0.91]	0.001	0.03
Property damage						−0.16	0.08	[−0.32, −0.01]	−0.07***	−2.08
Loss of services						0.33	0.14	[0.04, 0.61]	0.07**	2.26
PTSD since tornado						1.18	0.40	[0.40, 1.96]	0.08**	2.96

Note: CI = confidence interval; Fam history of subs = perceived family history of substance abuse problems; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder

^***p < .0001

^**p < .01

^*p < .05

⁺p < .10