Figure 12.

Necessity of YAP for BMP2 activation of Smad1 signaling and neocortical astrogliogenesis. A, Western blot analysis detected BMP2-downstream signaling proteins, p-Smad1/5/8, Smad1, p-YAP, and YAP in WT and yap-deleted NSCs with BMP2 (100 ng/ml) stimulation at indicated time. B, C, Quantitative analyses of relative YAP (B) and Smad1 (C) in A (n = 3 per group, normalized to 0 h). D, Immunostaining analysis of GFAP (green) in astrocytes differentiated from WT and yap-deleted NSCs induced by BMP2 treatment (100 ng/ml) for 3 d. E, Quantitative analysis of the percentages of GFAP-positive cells over total cells in one field shown in D (n = 8 fields each group) without or with BMP2 treatment (100 ng/ml) for 3 d. F, Quantitative analysis of the percentages of Tuj-1-positive neurons over total cells in neurons derived from control and yap-deficient NSCs (n = 12 fields each group). G, Double immunostaining analysis of Ki67 (red) and GFAP (green) in astrocytes from control and yap-deficient NSCs. H, Quantitative analysis of the percentages of Ki67-positive cells over total cells in one field (n = 12 fields each group). Scale bars, 20 μm. Data are mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01, compared with control group (Student's t test).