TABLE 3.
Assays that detect M. tuberculosis and/or drug resistance
| Characteristic | Test (reference) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct microscopy (14, 15) | Culture (5) | AMTD (28, 29) | Xpert MTB/RIF (30, 33) | MODS assay (20, 26) | Proportion method (36) | LiPA (42) | |
| Sample type | Any body fluid or tissue | Any body fluid or tissue | Variousa | Sputum | Any body fluid or tissue | Any body fluid or tissue | Sputum |
| Time to result | <4 h | <6 weeks | <4 h | <2 h | 7–14 days | 2–4 weeks | 1–2 days |
| Simultaneous DST | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Phenotypic/genotypic | Phenotypic | Phenotypic | Genotypic | Genotypic | Phenotypic | Phenotypic | Genotypic |
| Sensitivity for TB disease in children, % | <20 | <40 | 96–100 compared to cultureb | 62 (pooled) (95% CI, 44–80) compared to culture | 87–91 compared to culture | NAc | NA |
| Specificity for TB disease in children, % | Variable | >99 | 85–100 compared to cultureb | 99 (pooled) (95% CI, 97–99) compared to culture | >99 | NA | NA |
| Sensitivity for INHd resistance, % | NA | NA | NA | NA | 82–100 | Reference standard | 57–100 |
| Specificity for INH resistance, % | NA | NA | NA | NA | 95–100 | Reference standard | 99 |
| Sensitivity for RIF resistance, % | NA | NA | NA | 95 | 95–100 | Reference standard | 97 |
| Specificity for RIF resistance, % | NA | NA | NA | 98 | 95–100 | Reference standard | 99 |