Table 3. Access to Addiction Medications in Private Health Plans, 2003 and 2010.

	Acamprosate*		Oral naltrexone (generic)		Oral naltrexone (brand)		Injectable naltrexone*		Buprenorphine/naloxone
	%	SE	%	SE	%	SE	%	SE	%	SE
2003 (weighted N)			(6632)		(6616)				(6747)
On formulary			93.8	1.7	93.6	1.7			69.0	2.4
Prior authorization			0.4	0.2	1.6	1.2			7.1	1.6
Step therapy			0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0			0.4	0.1
2010 (weighted N)	(8420)		(8422)		(8299)		(7620)		(8422)
On formularya	91.6	1.6	99.5	0.1	99.1	0.2	96.1	0.8	100.0	0.0
Prior authorizationb	3.4	0.6	1.1	0.3	33.6	1.9	85.3	2.9	38.9	2.6
Step therapyc	20.1	1.1	0.2	0.1	0.7	0.2	40.5	3.1	0.7	0.2
Overall restrictivenessd
No restrictions	77.0	1.2	98.9	0.3	66.4	1.9	14.3	2.8	61.7	2.4
Only prior authorization	2.8	0.6	1.0	0.3	32.9	1.9	45.3	1.9	37.6	2.4
Only fail first	19.7	1.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.0
Both restrictions	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.7	0.2	40.1	3.1	0.7	0.2

^*Not available in 2003.

^aAll comparisons across medications significant at p < .05

^bAll significant at p < .05 except oral naltrexone (brand) vs. buprenorphine

^cAll significant at p < .05 except acamprosate vs. injectable naltrexone, and oral naltrexone (brand) vs. buprenorphine

^dAll significant at p < .05 except oral naltrexone (generic) vs. injectable naltrexone, and oral naltrexone (brand) vs. injectable naltrexone