Fig. 2.

CCL2-driven chemotaxis is impaired in AD and MCI BDMs. BDM migration was evaluated using the (A) ChemoTx^® Disposable Chemotaxis System (Neuro Probe). CD14⁺ BDMs were labeled with 10 μM of calcein-AM and plated in a chemotaxis membrane. BDMs were stimulated with 5 μM Aβ fibrils (B), 10 nM CCL2 (C), or 12.5 nM CXCL12 (D), placed directly in the chemoattractant chamber. After 4 hours, the calcein signal was measured by fluorimetry in the wells beneath the membrane. Results are expressed as the number of cells found in the chemoattractant chamber after a 4-hour stimulation and are representative of at least n = 9 per group (one-way ANOVA; *P < .05, P = .08, and P = .1 for CCL2, Aβ, and CCL12, respectively). *P < .05 with respect to control subjects. Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; BDMs, blood-derived monocytes; Aβ, amyloid beta; ANOVA, analysis of variance.