Table 1.
Characteristics of patient and control study populations
| Variable | Controls | AD | MCI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients (n) | 36 | 36 | 52 |
| Gender (F/M) (%) | 58/42 | 64/36 | 46/54 |
| Age (years) | 70.3 ± 6.6 | 74.9 ± 8.8 | 73.6 ± 8.9 |
| MMSE score | >24 | 15 ± 7.6 | 26.9 ± 2.9∗∗∗ |
| MoCA score | 9.8 ± 5.8 | 18.3 ± 4.7∗∗∗ | |
| ADAS-cog score | — | 20.9 ± 7.6 | 9.6 ± 4.6∗∗∗ |
| Stage of disease (CDR) (%) | |||
| Mild | — | 63.9 | — |
| Moderate | — | 27.8 | — |
| Severe | — | 8.3 | — |
| APOE genotype ε4, % | — | 50 | 37 |
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; ADAS-Cog, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive; CDR, clinical dementia rating; SD, standard deviation; ANOVA, analysis of variance.
NOTE. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, except for gender (expressed in percentage of females–F [%] and males–M [%]), stage of disease (CDR; expressed in percentage of total), and APOE genotype ɛ3/ɛ4 (expressed in percentage of ε4 carries). For MMSE and MoCA, higher scores correspond to better performance and for the ADAS-cog, higher scores indicate greater impairment. MoCA and ADAS-cog were only performed in patients with CDR ≤1. One-way ANOVA was used to compare age between groups, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Two-tailed t test was used to compare MMSE, MoCA, and ADAS-cog scores, and Fisher's exact test was used for APOE genotype. ***P < .001 versus AD.